Browse research from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences.
Submissions from 2022
Policing the Global Countryside: Toward a Research Agenda, Richard Yarwood
Allometric relationships of ecologically important Antarctic and Arctic zooplankton and fish species, Fokje L. Schaafsma, Carmen L. David, Doreen Kohlbach, Julia Ehrlich, Giulia Castellani, Benjamin A. Lange, Martina Vortkamp, André Meijboom, Anna Fortuna-Wünsch, Antonia Immerz, Hannelore Cantzler, Apasiri Klasmeier, Nadezhda Zakharova, Katrin Schmidt, Anton P. Van de Putte, Jan Andries van Franeker, and Hauke Flores
Solving The Housing Market Crisis In England And Wales: From New Towns To Garden Communities, M Taylor, Stephen Essex, and Olivia Wilson
Re-purposing Universities: The Path to Purpose, Victoria Hurth and Iain S. Stewart
Adaptation of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to soil loss modeling in a semi-arid watershed: a case study from western high atlas, Morocco, Latifa Bou-imajjane, Mhamed Alaeddine Belfoul, Martin Stokes, Abdenbi Elaloui, Adnane Labbaci, Ayady H El, and Yassine Ez-zaouy
A multi-trophic marker approach reveals high feeding plasticity in Barents Sea under-ice fauna, Doreen Kohlbach, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt, Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Martin Graeve, and Philipp Assmy
A nation that rebuilds its soils rebuild itself- an engineer's perspective, Karen L. Johnson, Neil D. Gray, Wendy Stone, Bryce F.J. Kelly, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Cathy Clarke, Lynsay Blake, Stephen Chivasa, Florence Mtambanengwe, Paul Mapfumo, Andy Baker, Sabrina Beckmann, Lena Dominelli, Andrew L. Neal, and Tariro Gwandu
An Exploration of the Contribution of Embodied, Situated Research Strategies to Cultural Ecosystem Services and Landscape Assessment Frameworks: An Environmental Empathy Case Study, K Łucznik, JV Serrano, and J Martin
Atmospheric transport of microplastics during a dust storm, Sajjad Abbasi, Mahrooz Rezaei, Farnaz Ahmadi, and Andrew Turner
Atomic Spectrometry Update: review of advances in elemental speciation, Robert Clough, Chris F. Harrington, Steve J. Hill, Yolanda Madrid, and Julian F. Tyson
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials, Andy Fisher, Simon Carter, Robert Clough, Bridget Gibson, and Ben Russell
Book review: The Guitar: Tracing the Grain Back to the Tree, P Simpson
CO2 uptake decreased and CH4 emissions increased in first two years of peatland seismic line restoration, Megan Schmidt, Scott J. Davidson, and Maria Strack
Consumer engagement at the UEA: Deliverable 5.1, Ian Bailey, Gina Kallis, Phedeas Stephanides, and Konstantinos Chalvatis
Continuous-flow synthesis of mesoporous SBA-15, Christopher M.A. Parlett, Adam F. Lee, Hamidreza Arandiyan, Lee J. Durndell, Mark A. Isaacs, Antonio Torres Lopez, Roong J. Wong, and Karen Wilson
Fault slip-rates and Coulomb stress interactions in the intersection zone of the Hope, Kelly and Alpine Faults, South Island, New Zealand, Jessie L. Vermeer, Mark C. Quigley, Robert M. Langridge, Brendan G. Duffy, Zoë K. Mildon, and Manuel Lukas Diercks
First, do no harm: time for a systems approach to address the problem of health-care-derived pharmaceutical pollution, Kelly Thornber, Fiona Adshead, Angeliki Balayannis, Richard Brazier, Ross Brown, Sean Comber, Caroline Court, Iain Davidson, Michael Depledge, Caroline Farmer, Stuart Gibb, Richard Hixson, Claas Kirchhelle, Keith Moore, Marco Motta, Lydia Niemi, Stewart Owen, David Pencheon, Sharon Pfleger, Emma Pitchforth, Neil Powell, Wiebke Schmidt, Richard Smith, Georgina Sowman, Wendy Tyler-Batt, Helen Wilkinson, Edward CF Wilson, Lora Fleming, William Gaze, and Charles Tyler
Geophagy and microplastic ingestion, Sajjad Abbasi, Hoda Amiri, Mohammad Hoseini, Mohammad Malakootian, Majid Hashemi, Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh, and Andrew Turner
Heterogeneous weathering of polypropylene in the marine environment, John W. Scott, Andrew Turner, Andres F. Prada, and Linduo Zhao
Informing versus generating a discussion: Comparing two approaches to encouraging mitigation of soil erosion among Maasai pastoralists, Anna Rabinovich, Vladimir Zhischenko, Mona Nasseri, Stacey C. Heath, Alpha Laizer, Francis Mkilema, Aloyce Patrick, Maarten Wynants, William H. Blake, Kelvin Mtei, and Patrick Ndakidemi
Mesoscale eddies and the impact of coastal iron supply on primary production in the South Pacific Subtropical Front, Stephen M. Chiswell, Philip W. Boyd, Sylvia G. Sander, Michael J. Ellwood, and Angela Milne
Metal contamination of intertidal sediment and macroalgae in an area impacted by paint from abandoned boats, Andrew Turner
Microplastics in agricultural soils from a semi-arid region and their transport by wind erosion, Mahrooz Rezaei, Sajjad Abbasi, Haniye Pourmahmood, Patryk Oleszczuk, Coen Ritsema, and Andrew Turner
Microplastics in the school classrooms of Shiraz, Iran, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner, Reza Sharifi, Mohammad Javad Nematollahi, Mehrzad Keshavarzifard, and Tahereh Moghtaderi
Optimizing opportunities for oak woodland expansion into upland pastures, Thomas R. Murphy, Mick E. Hanley, Jonathan S. Ellis, and Paul H. Lunt
Re-colonization of hostile environments by benthic foraminifera: an example from Montserrat, Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc, Malcolm B. Hart, Jodie K. Fisher, Christopher W. Smart, Rebecca Speers, and Deborah Wall-Palmer
Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent, E. P. Joseph, M. Camejo-Harry, T. Christopher, R. Contreras-Arratia, S. Edwards, O. Graham, M. Johnson, A. Juman, J. L. Latchman, L. Lynch, V. L. Miller, I. Papadopoulos, K. Pascal, R. Robertson, G. A. Ryan, A. Stinton, R. Grandin, I. Hamling, M. J. Jo, J. Barclay, P. Cole, B. V. Davies, and R. S.J. Sparks
Stepping stones towards Antarctica: Switch to southern spawning grounds explains an abrupt range shift in krill, Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, Christian S. Reiss, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Gregory Beaugrand, Geraint A. Tarling, Guang Yang, Deborah K. Steinberg, Katrin Schmidt, Martin Edwards, Emilce Rombolá, and Frances A. Perry
Subaerial-submarine morphological changes at Stromboli volcano (Italy) induced by the 2019–2020 eruptive activity, Traglia F Di, Alessandro Fornaciai, Daniele Casalbore, Massimiliano Favalli, Irene Manzella, Claudia Romagnoli, Francesco Latino Chiocci, Paul Cole, Teresa Nolesini, and Nicola Casagli
The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions, Maria Strack, Scott J. Davidson, Takashi Hirano, and Christian Dunn
Thermal safety margins of plant leaves across biomes under a heatwave, Hua Lin, Nawatbhrist Kitudom, Sophie Fauset, Yingying Zhou, Zexin Fan, Murong Li, Mingjian He, Shubin Zhang, and Kun Xu
Tracking hunter-gatherer impact on vegetation in Last Interglacial and Holocene Europe: proxies and challenges, Anastasia Nikulina, Katharine MacDonald, Fulco Scherjon, E Pearce, Marco Davoli, Jens Christian Svenning, Emily Vella, Marie José Gaillard, Anhelina Zapolska, Frank Arthur, Alexandre Martinez, Kailin Hatlestad, Florence Mazier, Maria Antonia Serge, Karl Johan Lindholm, Ralph Fyfe, Hans Renssen, Didier M. Roche, Sjoerd Kluiving, and Wil Roebroeks
Understanding the complexity of sediment residence time in rivers: Application of Fallout Radionuclides (FRNs), W. H. Blake, E. Muñoz-Arcos, G. E. Millward, C. C. Clason, and C. Bravo-Linares
Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests, Thaiane R. Sousa, Juliana Schietti, IO Ribeiro, Thaise Emílio, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Steege H ter, Carolina V. Castilho, A Esquivel‐Muelbert, Timothy Baker, A Pontes‐Lopes, CVJ Silva, JM Silveira, Géraldine Derroire, Wendeson Castro, AM Mendoza, Ademir Ruschel, Adriana Prieto, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Agustín Rudas, A Araujo‐Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Fiore A Di, A Torres‐Lezama, Aurélie Dourdain, B Marimon, BH Marimon, and Benoit Burban
Submissions from 2021
Endotyping Asthma - Profiling the Metabolic Dimension?, Michael J. Wilde and Salman Siddiqui
Dating martian mafic crust; microstructurally constrained baddeleyite geochronology of enriched shergottites Northwest Africa (NWA) 7257, NWA 8679 and Zagami, LG Staddon, JR Darling, WH Schwarz, NR Stephen, and et al
Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part I – sediment source tracing in three neighbouring river catchments, Maarten Wynants, Linus Munishi, Kelvin Mtei, Samuel Bodé, Aloyce Patrick, Alex Taylor, David Gilvear, Patrick Ndakidemi, William H. Blake, and Pascal Boeckx
Introduction to Focus Section: The Geographies of Crime and Policing in the Global Countryside, Vania Ceccato and Richard Yarwood
Feeling redundancy, Paul Simpson
Late Ordovician climate change and extinctions driven by elevated volcanic nutrient supply, Jack Longman, Benjamin J.W. Mills, Hayley R. Manners, Thomas M. Gernon, and Martin R. Palmer
Best Practices for Monitoring and Assessing the Ecological Response to River Restoration, Judy England, Natalie Angelopoulos, Susan Cooksley, Jennifer Dodd, Andrew Gill, David Gilvear, Matthew Johnson, Marc Naura, Matthew O’hare, Angus Tree, Jennifer Wheeldon, and Martin A. Wilkes
Architecture of pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Cordillera, J J Ryan, A Zagorevski, N R Cleven, A J Parsons, and N L Joyce
Overview of Cordilleran oceanic terranes and their significance for the tectonic evolution of the northern Cordillera, A Zagorevski, C.R. van Staal, J J Ryan, J.H. Bedard, A Bogatu, D Canil, Mark J. Coleman, ML Golding, N L Joyce, C Lawley, S McGoldrick, M Mihalynuk, D Milidragovic, A J Parsons, and P Schiarizza
Are sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) effective at retaining dissolved trace elements?, Sean Comber, Jasmine Humphrey, Chris Rowett, Jonathan Tyers, and Mark Gregson
Putting nature centre stage? The challenges of ‘mainstreaming’ biodiversity in the planning process, Olivia Wilson
Accumulation of legacy fallout radionuclides in cryoconite on Isfallsglaciären (Arctic Sweden) and their downstream spatial distribution, Caroline C. Clason, Will H. Blake, Nick Selmes, Alex Taylor, Pascal Boeckx, Jessica Kitch, Stephanie C. Mills, Giovanni Baccolo, and Geoffrey E. Millward
30-year record of Himalaya mass-wasting reveals landscape perturbations by extreme events, Joshua N. Jones, Sarah J. Boulton, Martin Stokes, Georgina L. Bennett, and Michael R.Z. Whitworth
Metal pollutant pathways in cohesive coastal catchments: Influence of flocculation and biopolymers on partitioning and flux, S. D.W. Comber, R. J. Schindler, and A. J. Manning
Characterizing Hydration of the Ocean Crust Using Shortwave Infrared Microimaging Spectroscopy of ICDP Oman Drilling Project Cores, Molly A. Crotteau, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Bethany L. Ehlmann, George R. Rossman, Michelle Harris, Peter B. Kelemen, and Damon A.H. Teagle
Designing a Graphene Coating-Based Supercapacitor with Lithium Ion Electrolyte: An Experimental and Computational Study via Multiscale Modeling, Constantina Lekakou, Joseph Paul Baboo, Shumaila Babar, Dhaval Kale, and Giuliano M. Laudone
CHOS gas/fluid‐induced reduction in ureilites, AD Langendam, AG Tomkins, KA Evans, NC Wilson, and et al
Desertification of Iran in the early twenty-first century: assessment using climate and vegetation indices, Hamid Gholami, Dameneh H Eskandari, Matt W. Telfer, Jesús Rodrigo Comino, Adrian L. Collins, and John D. Jansen
Evaluating Soil Carbon as a Proxy for Erosion Risk in the Spatio-Temporal Complex Hydropower Catchment in Upper Pangani, Northern Tanzania, Aloyce I.M. Amasi, Maarten Wynants, Remigius A. Kawala, Shovi F. Sawe, William H. Blake, and Kelvin M. Mtei
Perfluorinated alkyl substances: Sewage treatment and implications for receiving waters, S. D.W. Comber, M. J. Gardner, and B. Ellor
Equilibrium calculations of iron speciation and apparent iron solubility in the Celtic Sea at ambient seawater pH using the NICA-Donnan model, Martha Gledhill, Kechen Zhu, Antony J. Birchill, Angela Milne, Simon Ussher, Matthew P. Humphreys, Nealy Carr, Claire Mahaffey, Maeve C. Lohan, and Eric P. Achterberg
Building climate change adaptation and resilience through soil organic carbon restoration in sub‐saharan rural communities: Challenges and opportunities, Alex Taylor, Maarten Wynants, Linus Munishi, Claire Kelly, Kelvin Mtei, Francis Mkilema, Patrick Ndakidemi, Mona Nasseri, Alice Kalnins, Aloyce Patrick, David Gilvear, and William Blake
Washing load influences the microplastic release from polyester fabrics by affecting wettability and mechanical stress, Mariacristina Cocca, Michela Volgare, F De Falco, Roberto Avolio, Rachele Castaldo, Maria Emanuela Errico, Gennaro Gentile, and Veronica Ambrogi
Australian Plate Subduction is Responsible for Northward Motion of the India‐Asia Collision Zone and ∼1,000 km Lateral Migration of the Indian Slab, Andrew J. Parsons, Karin Sigloch, and Kasra Hosseini
Constraints on the petrologic history of gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa 6963 from pyroxene zoning profiles and electron backscattered diffraction, A Wenzel, J Filiberto, N Stephen, SP Schwenzer, and SJ Hammond
Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in Western European aerosol and the significance of dry deposition flux into stratified shelf waters, Caroline White, Simon J. Ussher, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Sov Atkinson, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Mingxi Yang, and Thomas G. Bell
Dry and wet deposition of microplastics in a semi-arid region (Shiraz, Iran), Sajjad Abbasi and Andrew Turner
MV Wakashio grounding incident in Mauritius 2020: The world's first major spillage of Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil, Alan G. Scarlett, Robert K. Nelson, Marthe Monique Gagnon, Alex I. Holman, Christopher M. Reddy, Paul A. Sutton, and Kliti Grice
Middle Triassic carbon isotope fluctuations in the Mecsek Mountains, Hungary, William J. Foster, Georgina Lukoczki, Krisztina Sebe, and Gregory D. Price
Exploring Relationship between Perception Indicators and Mitigation Behaviors of Soil Erosion in Undergraduate Students in Sonora, Mexico, Laura Fernanda Barrera-Hernández, Alondra María Díaz-Rodríguez, Claire Kelly, Valle A del, Claudio Bravo-Linares, William Blake, Hugo Velasco, dos Anjos R Meigikos, and los Santos-Villalobos S de
COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY OF THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM; USING FLOOD BASALTS ON THE MOON (LUNAR MARIA), MARS (THARSIS & ELYSIUM), AND EARTH TO INVESTIGATE THE MAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM., F Willcocks, ST Grimes, and NR Stephen
Soil fertility and land sustainability in Usangu Basin-Tanzania, M Mng’ong’o, Linus K. Munishi, William Blake, Sean Comber, Thomas H. Hutchinson, and Patrick A. Ndakidemi
Reconstructing the Changes in Sedimentation and Source Provenance in East African Hydropower Reservoirs: A Case Study of Nyumba ya Mungu in Tanzania, Aloyce I.M. Amasi, Maarten Wynants, Remegius A. Kawalla, Shovi Sawe, Linus Munishi, William H. Blake, and Kelvin M. Mtei
Paleoseismological Findings at a New Trench Indicate the 1714 M8.1 Earthquake Ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust Over all the Bhutan Himalaya, Djordje Grujic, Yuqiu Zhao, Santanu Baruah, Dawchu Drukpa, Joanne Elkadi, György Hetényi, Georgina E. King, Zoë K. Mildon, Nityam Nepal, and Caroline Welte
Paint particles in the marine environment: An overlooked component of microplastics, Andrew Turner
SAMPLING AN IMPACT MELT SHEET WITH UNUSUAL DIOGENITE NORTHWEST AFRICA 5480, JT Mitchell, NR Stephen, and AG Tomkins
Integrating land‐water‐people connectivity concepts across disciplines for co‐design of soil erosion solutions, William H. Blake, Claire Kelly, Maarten Wynants, Aloyce Patrick, Shaun Lewin, Joseph Lawson, Emmanuel Nasolwa, Annabel Page, Mona Nasseri, Carey Marks, David Gilvear, Kelvin Mtei, Linus Munishi, and Patrick Ndakidemi
Polyvinyl chloride in consumer and environmental plastics, with a particular focus on metal-based additives, Montserrat Filella and Andrew Turner
Characteristics of landslide path dependency revealed through multiple resolution landslide inventories in the Nepal Himalaya, Joshua N. Jones, Storm Roberts, and Sarah J. Boulton
Investigating endocrine‐disrupting properties of chemicals in fish and amphibians: Opportunities to apply the 3Rs, N Burden, MR Embry, TH Hutchinson, SG Lynn, SK Maynard, CA Mitchell, F Pellizzato, F Sewell, KL Thorpe, L Weltje, and JR Wheeler
Seasonal cycling of zinc and cobalt in the south-eastern Atlantic along the GEOTRACES GA10 section, Neil J. Wyatt, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Heather A. Bouman, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Maeve C. Lohan
Type II photosensitized oxidation in senescent microalgal cells at different latitudes: Does low under-ice irradiance in polar regions enhance efficiency?, Jean François Rontani, Rémi Amiraux, Lukas Smik, Stuart G. Wakeham, Aurélien Paulmier, Frédéric Vaultier, Ha Sun-Yong, Min Jun-oh, and Simon T. Belt
Hydrothermal Alteration of the Ocean Crust and Patterns in Mineralization with Depth as Measured by Micro‐Imaging Infrared Spectroscopy, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Michelle Harris, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Molly A. Crotteau, Peter B. Kelemen, Craig E. Manning, and Damon A.H. Teagle
Accumulation and bioconcentration of heavy metals in two phases from agricultural soil to plants in Usangu agroecosystem-Tanzania, Marco Mng'ong'o, Linus K. Munishi, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, William Blake, Sean Comber, and Thomas H. Hutchinson
Effects of Vegetation, Sediment Supply and Sea Level Rise on the Morphodynamic Evolution of Tidal Channels, A Sgarabotto, A D'Alpaos, and S Lanzoni
Quantifying the competing influences of lithology and throw rate on bedrock river incision, A. C. Whittaker, E. Kent, S. J. Boulton, and M. C. Alçiçek
Archaeology and agriculture: plants, people and past land-use, Vareilles A de, Ruth Pelling, Jessie Woodbridge, and Ralph Fyfe
Rare earth elements in plastics, Andrew Turner, John W. Scott, and Lee A. Green
Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation of Increased Sedimentation in the Hydropower Reservoirs of East Africa, Aloyce Amasi, Maarten Wynants, William Blake, and Kelvin Mtei
The Coral-rich Devonian Limestones of the English Riviera UNESCO Global Geopark, Malcolm B. Hart and Christopher W. Smart
Trace Fossils in the Permian Rocks of English Riviera UNESCO Global Geopark, Malcolm B. Hart and Christopher W. Smart
The challenge of urban design in securing post-event legacies of Olympic Parks, N ALAILY-MATTAR, A THIERSTEIN, S Essex, and Renata Sanchez
Hyper-accumulation of legacy fallout radionuclides in cryoconite on Isfallsglaciären (Arctic Sweden) and their downstream distribution, C Clason, W Blake, N Selmes, A Taylor, P Boeckx, J Kitch, S Mills, G Baccolo, and G Millward
Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions, Z Khan, MHU Rahman, G Haider, R Amir, and et al
Editorial: Plastics in the Environment: Understanding Impacts and Identifying Solutions, Montserrat Filella, Andrew Turner, and Hans Peter H. Arp
Hardground, gap and thin black shale: spatial heterogeneity of arrested carbonate sedimentation during the Jenkyns Event (T-OAE) in a Tethyan pelagic Basin (Gerecse Mts, Hungary), Tamás Müller, Gregory D. Price, Emanuela Mattioli, Máté Zs Leskó, Ferenc Kristály, and József Pálfy
Disentangling the complexity of socio-cultural values of temporary rivers, Dídac Jorda-Capdevila, Irene Iniesta-Arandia, Cristina Quintas-Soriano, Aikaterini Basdeki, Eman J. Calleja, Anna Maria DeGirolamo, David Gilvear, Maria Ilhéu, Jūratė Kriaučiūniene, Ivana Logar, Luis Loures, and Tomasz Padło
Environmental DNA reveals links between abundance and composition of airborne grass pollen and respiratory health, FM Rowney, GL Brennan, CA Skjøth, The PollerGEN Consortium, and et al
Microplastics in the Lut and Kavir Deserts, Iran, Sajjad Abbasi, Hoda Amiri, Andrew Turner, and Mohammad Hoseini
Computational methods and rural cultural & natural heritage: A review, F Barrientos, J Martin, C De Luca, and et al
Effects of iron dosing used for phosphorus removal at wastewater treatment works; impacts on forms of phosphorus discharged and secondary effects on concentrations and fate of other contaminants, S. D.W. Comber, M. J. Gardner, and B. Ellor
Fluorosurfactant retention in the foam blanket during gravitational drainage of an aqueous film-forming foam, HK Schofield, DP Megson, J Da Costa, and et al
Providing first evidence of the behaviour and potential environmental impacts of an accidental underwater release of propane, Claudio Bravo-Linares, Claudio Araya, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Daniela Cabrera, Natalia Bastidas, Daniela Carrasco, Claudio Córdova, and Stephen M. Mudge
The architecture and evolution of shallow water delta mouth bars: examples from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain, Matthew Watkinson, Grant Cole, and Rhodri M. Jerrett
Tectonic Geomorphology of the Yatağan Fault (Muğla, SW Turkey): Implications for Quantifying Vertical Slip Rates along Active Normal Faults, Mehran Basmenji, T Sancar, A Dikbas, Sarah J. Boulton, and HS Akyuz
Workshop report: Exploring deep oceanic crust off Hawai‘i, S Umino, GF Moore, B Boston, R Coggon, L Crispini, S D'Hondt, M Garcia, T Hanyu, F Klein, N Seama, D Teagle, M Tominaga, M Yamashita, M Harris, B Ildefonse, I Katayama, Y Kusano, E Trembath-Reichert, Y Yamada, N Abe, and F Inagaki