High efficiency and high gain indium tin oxide optical transparent antenna based on Fabry–Perot cavity
ORCID
- Yu Yao: 0000-0003-0034-3671
Abstract
Integrating optical transparent antenna (TA) into glass facilities can strengthen the intelligent interaction of indoor infrastructure and release spatial and aesthetic constraints. This paper proposes the first fully transparent Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna using indium tin oxide (ITO) film and glass substrates to improve the efficiency and gain. The theory for FPC with lossy transparent partially reflecting surfaces (PRSs) is proposed. The TA is composed of a high efficiency transparent monopole feeding antenna (TMFA) and two transparent PRSs. The PRSs are optimised based on the proposed theory. Additionally, the structure of the TA is optimised to get a good compromise between transparency and radiation efficiency. Multi-resonance cells on the PRSs are designed to improve the bandwidth. The proposed transparent FPC antenna obtains an overall optical transparency of 84% and a peak efficiency of 70.4%. A peak gain of 11.7 dBi is achieved with an aperture size of 2.2×2.2λ0, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth spans from 4.9 GHz to 6.3 GHz. Furthermore, the transparent cavity structure makes the proposed antenna can be integrated with indoor double glazing seamlessly.
DOI Link
Publication Date
2025-01-01
Publication Title
Optical Materials
Volume
168
ISSN
0925-3467
Acceptance Date
2025-08-08
Deposit Date
2025-10-13
Embargo Period
2027-08-22
Funding
The research is funded in part by the European Union’s H2020-MSCA-IF-GATE ( 843133 ), and in part by the European Union’s H2020-MSCA-IF-AceLSAA ( 752644 ).
Keywords
Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC), High efficiency, High gain, Indium tin oxide (ITO), Transparent antenna (TA)
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Yao, Y. (2025) 'High efficiency and high gain indium tin oxide optical transparent antenna based on Fabry–Perot cavity', Optical Materials, 168. Available at: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117395
This item is under embargo until 22 August 2027
