High efficiency and high gain indium tin oxide optical transparent antenna based on Fabry–Perot cavity

ORCID

Abstract

Integrating optical transparent antenna (TA) into glass facilities can strengthen the intelligent interaction of indoor infrastructure and release spatial and aesthetic constraints. This paper proposes the first fully transparent Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna using indium tin oxide (ITO) film and glass substrates to improve the efficiency and gain. The theory for FPC with lossy transparent partially reflecting surfaces (PRSs) is proposed. The TA is composed of a high efficiency transparent monopole feeding antenna (TMFA) and two transparent PRSs. The PRSs are optimised based on the proposed theory. Additionally, the structure of the TA is optimised to get a good compromise between transparency and radiation efficiency. Multi-resonance cells on the PRSs are designed to improve the bandwidth. The proposed transparent FPC antenna obtains an overall optical transparency of 84% and a peak efficiency of 70.4%. A peak gain of 11.7 dBi is achieved with an aperture size of 2.2×2.2λ0, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth spans from 4.9 GHz to 6.3 GHz. Furthermore, the transparent cavity structure makes the proposed antenna can be integrated with indoor double glazing seamlessly.

Publication Date

2025-01-01

Publication Title

Optical Materials

Volume

168

ISSN

0925-3467

Acceptance Date

2025-08-08

Deposit Date

2025-10-13

Embargo Period

2027-08-22

Funding

The research is funded in part by the European Union’s H2020-MSCA-IF-GATE ( 843133 ), and in part by the European Union’s H2020-MSCA-IF-AceLSAA ( 752644 ).

Keywords

Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC), High efficiency, High gain, Indium tin oxide (ITO), Transparent antenna (TA)

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This item is under embargo until 22 August 2027

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