Integrating AI with healthcare expertise: Introducing the Health Care Professional-In-The-Loop Framework: Part 1
ORCID
- Prashanti Eachempati: 0000-0003-1263-7423
- Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj: 0000-0003-1798-3245
- Alex Cresswell-Boyes: 0000-0003-0989-6651
Abstract
‘Artificial intelligence (AI) is a tool, the choiceof how it gets deployed is ours.’1The rapid evolution of AI is reshapingvarious industries, with healthcare standingat the forefront of this transformation.2 AI’spotential to enhance diagnostic accuracy,streamline treatment planning, and improvepatient outcomes holds immense promisein fields like medicine and dentistry.2,3 AsAI systems grow increasingly capable, theethical considerations surrounding theiruse in clinical practice, particularly inmaintaining patient autonomy and humanoversight, become critical areas of focus.4In healthcare, where patient-centred careand individualised decision-making areparamount, the unrestrained application ofAI may lead to unintended consequences,risking the replacement of nuanced humanjudgment with rigid algorithms.4,5,6The Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) model,7widely used in sectors such as finance andautonomous systems, has traditionallyaddressed the critical need for humanoversight. By embedding human intervention within automated processes, HITL ensuresthat technology remains a tool guided byhuman reasoning.However, this model requires adaptationfor healthcare, where decisions frequentlydemand empathy, contextual understanding,and clinical expertise beyond whatalgorithms can offer. This paper is structuredin two parts. Part 1 introduces the envisionedHealth Care Professional-In-The-Loop (HCPITL) framework, explaining its fundamentalprinciples and how it adapts the HITL modelto meet the unique challenges of healthcare.In Part 2, we explore the application of theHCP-ITL framework across diverse medicaland dental specialties, outlining the potentialroles AI could play within this model toenhance clinical care while ensuring ethicaland professional oversight.
DOI Link
DOI
10.1038/s41404-025-3014-9
Publication Date
2025-02-10
Publication Title
BDJ In Practice
Volume
38
ISSN
2057-3308
Embargo Period
2025-08-10
First Page
51
Last Page
51
Recommended Citation
Eachempati, P., Supe, A., Kumbargere Nagraj, S., Cresswell-Boyes, A., Robinson, S., & Yalamanchili, S. (2025) 'Integrating AI with healthcare expertise: Introducing the Health Care Professional-In-The-Loop Framework: Part 1', BDJ In Practice, 38, pp. 51-51. Available at: 10.1038/s41404-025-3014-9
This item is under embargo until 10 August 2025
