ORCID
- Zöe Brookes: 0000-0002-8096-6256
- Patricia Casas-Agustench: 0000-0003-4424-1087
- Mary Hickson: 0000-0001-7996-0095
- Raul Bescos: 0000-0002-3939-4743
Abstract
Background: Green leafy vegetables (GLV) contain inorganic nitrate, an anion with potential prebiotic effects on the oral microbiome. However, it remains unclear whether GLV and pharmacological supplementation [potassium nitrate (PN)] with a nitrate salt induce similar effects on the oral microbiome. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of GLV with PN supplementation on the oral microbiome composition and salivary biomarkers in individuals with high blood pressure. Methods: Seventy individuals were randomly allocated to 3 different groups to follow a 5-wk dietary intervention. Group 1 consumed 300 mg/d of nitrate in form of GLV. Group 2 consumed pills with 300 mg/d of PN and low-nitrate vegetables. Group 3 consumed pills with potassium chloride (placebo: PLAC) and low-nitrate vegetables. The oral microbiome composition and salivary biomarkers of oral health were analyzed before and after the dietary intervention. Results: The GLV and PN groups showed similar microbial changes, probably nitrate-dependent, including an increase in the abundance of Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Campylobacter species, and a decrease in Veillonella, Megasphaera, Actinomyces, and Eubacterium species after the treatment. Increased abundance of Rothia species, and reduced abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Mogibacterium species were observed in the GLV group, which could be nitrate-independent. GLV and PN treatments increased salivary pH, but only GLV treatment showed an increase in the salivary buffering capacity and a reduction of lactate. Conclusion: The combination of nitrate-dependent and nitrate-independent microbial changes in the GLV group has a stronger effect to potentially improve oral health biomarkers compared with PN.
DOI
10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.002
Publication Date
2024-01-01
Publication Title
Journal of Nutrition
Volume
154
Issue
9
ISSN
0022-3166
Keywords
leafy green vegetables, microbiome, nitrate, nitric oxide, nitrite, oral health
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
First Page
2696
Last Page
2706
Recommended Citation
Bescos, R., du Toit, L., Sundqvist, M., Redondo-Rio, A., Brookes, Z., Casas-Agustench, P., Hickson, M., Benavente, A., Montagut, G., Weitzberg, E., Gabaldón, T., & Lundberg, J. (2024) 'The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Oral Microbiome and Salivary Biomarkers in Individuals with High Blood Pressure', Journal of Nutrition, 154(9), pp. 2696-2706. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.002
