Development and validation of the RAFFLE; a measure of Reasons And Facilitators for Loot box Engagement
dc.contributor.author | Lloyd, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Nicklin, LL | |
dc.contributor.author | Spicer, GG | |
dc.contributor.author | Fullwood, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Uther, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Hinton, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Parke, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Lloyd, Helen | |
dc.contributor.author | Close, James | |
dc.contributor.editor | Merkouris S | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-16T14:06:49Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-18 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2077-0383 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2077-0383 | |
dc.identifier.other | 5949 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18473 | |
dc.description.abstract |
Qualitative studies have identified a diverse array of motivations for purchasing items within video games through chance-based mechanisms (i.e., “loot boxes”). Given that some individu-als—particularly those at risk of disordered gaming and/or gambling—are prone to over-involvement with loot box purchasing, it is important to have a reliable, valid means of measuring the role of different motivations in driving purchasing behaviour. Building on prior qualitative research, this paper reports the development and validation of the “RAFFLE” scale, to measure the Reasons and Facilitators for Loot box Engagement. A 23-item, seven-factor scale was developed through cognitive interviews (n = 20) followed by two surveys of UK-based gamers who purchase loot boxes; analysed via exploratory (n = 503) and confirmatory (n = 1495) factor analysis, respectively. Subscales encompassed “enhancement’; “progression’; “social pressure’; “distraction/compulsion’; “altruism’; “fear of missing out’; and “resale”. The scale showed good criterion and construct validity (correlating well with measures of loot box en-gagement; the risky loot box index (r = 0.63) and monthly self-reported spend (r = 0.38)), and good internal validity (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84). Parallels with, and divergence from, motiva-tions for related activities of gaming and gambling, and alignment with broader theoretical models of motivation, are discussed. | |
dc.format.extent | 5949-5949 | |
dc.format.medium | Electronic | |
dc.language | en | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | MDPI | |
dc.subject | lootboxes | |
dc.subject | video gaming | |
dc.subject | motivations | |
dc.subject | motives | |
dc.subject | microtransactions | |
dc.subject | gambling | |
dc.subject | addiction | |
dc.subject | scale development | |
dc.subject | scale validation | |
dc.title | Development and validation of the RAFFLE; a measure of Reasons And Facilitators for Loot box Engagement | |
dc.type | journal-article | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
plymouth.author-url | https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000737627100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008 | |
plymouth.issue | 24 | |
plymouth.volume | 10 | |
plymouth.publication-status | Published online | |
plymouth.journal | Journal of Clinical Medicine | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/jcm10245949 | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Faculty of Health | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Faculty of Health/Peninsula Medical School | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Faculty of Health/School of Psychology | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA04 Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/FoH - Community and Primary Care | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/Institute of Health and Community | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine (ITSMED) | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine (ITSMED)/CCT&PS | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/Plymouth Institute of Health and Care Research (PIHR) | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Users by role | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Users by role/Academics | |
dc.publisher.place | Switzerland | |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-12-16 | |
dc.rights.embargodate | 2021-12-21 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2077-0383 | |
dc.rights.embargoperiod | Not known | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.3390/jcm10245949 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri | http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-12-18 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
plymouth.funder | A mixed-method investigation of the gaming/gambling interface and health related harms.::Gamble Aware |