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The Plymouth Student Scientist

Document Type

Literature Review

Abstract

Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon known to cause innate immune cells, like macrophages, to produce a decreased pro-inflammatory response to a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), like LPS, after pre-stimulation. Innate immune cells involved have thought to be primarily monocytes/macrophages but evidence has been found for involvement of dendritic cells, neutrophils and T cells. The molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance are vague. However, negative regulators such as SOCS1, IRAK-M and SHIP are believed to play a large role, along with the down-regulation of TLR4 on cell surface and gene re-programming. Clinically, sepsis is a major model of endotoxin tolerance due to the immunosuppression observed; however, new applications for endotoxin tolerance in pathology are becoming apparent, including ischemia-reperfusion injury. Little is known about cross-tolerance, but it does seem to have similarities and differences to homo-tolerance and also application into the clinical world. This review provides an overall picture of findings within endotoxin tolerance from the beginning to recent, including cellular and molecular mechanisms along with clinical applications.

Publication Date

2011-12-01

Publication Title

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Volume

4

Issue

2

First Page

242

Last Page

251

ISSN

1754-2383

Deposit Date

May 2019

Embargo Period

2024-07-03

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/13958

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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