Abstract

We show how to construct physical, minimal energy states for systems of static and moving charges. These states are manifestly gauge invariant. For charge–anticharge systems we also construct states in which the gauge fields are restricted to a finite volume around the location of the matter fields. Although this is an excited state, it is not singular, unlike all previous finite volume descriptions. We use our states to model the processes of pair creation and annihilation.

DOI

10.1016/j.aop.2010.01.001

Publication Date

2010-04-01

Publication Title

Annals of Physics

Volume

325

Issue

4

First Page

835

Last Page

851

ISSN

0003-4916

Organisational Unit

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Keywords

Gauge theory, Physical variables

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