ORCID

Abstract

We present results for the dominant light-quark connected contribution to the long-distance window of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon g-2 from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, with a new determination of the lattice scale on MILC's physical-mass HISQ ensembles, using the Ω^{-} baryon mass, we obtain a result of a_{μ}^{ll,LD}(conn)=400.2(2.3)_{stat}(3.7)_{syst}[4.3]_{total}×10^{-10}. Summing this result with our recent determinations of the light-quark connected contributions to the short- and intermediate-distance windows, we obtain a subpercent precision determination of the light-quark-connected contribution to HVP of a_{μ}^{ll}(conn)=655.2(2.3)_{stat}(3.9)_{syst}[4.5]_{total}×10^{-10}. Finally, as a consistency check, we verify that an independent analysis of the full contribution is in agreement with the sum of individual windows. We discuss our future plans for improvements of our HVP calculations to meet the target precision of the Fermilab g-2 experiment.

Publication Date

2025-07-01

Publication Title

Physical Review Letters

Volume

135

Issue

1

ISSN

0031-9007

Acceptance Date

2025-05-20

Deposit Date

2025-07-08

Funding

We are grateful to Yin Lin, Aaron Meyer, and Michael Wagman for their contributions to the scale-setting project, the results of which are used in this work. We thank Urs Heller for his contributions to our projects on gauge flow and the pion decay constant, also used in scale setting. Computations for this work were carried out in part with computing and long-term storage resources provided by the USQCD Collaboration, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (Edison, Cori, Perlmutter), the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (Mira, Theta) under the INCITE program, and the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (Summit, Frontier) under the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) and the ASCR Leadership Computing Challenge (ALCC) programs. The Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and operated under USDOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. (Our awards are HEP-ERCAP0032813, HEP-ERCAP0031326, and possible predecessors.) The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by the USDOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. ALCF, NERSC, and OLCF are all USDOE Office of Science User Facilities. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) supercomputer Stampede 2 at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) through allocation TG-MCA93S002. The XSEDE program is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number ACI-1548562. Computations on the Big Red II+, Big Red 3, and Big Red 200 supercomputers were supported in part by Lilly Endowment, Inc., through its support for the Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute. The parallel file system employed by Big Red II+ was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0521433. This work utilized the RMACC Summit supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards ACI-1532235 and ACI-1532236), the University of Colorado Boulder, and Colorado State University. The Summit supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder and Colorado State University. Some of the computations were done using the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computer, which was supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the State of Illinois. Blue Waters was a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Awards No. DE-SC0010005 (E. T. N. and J. W. S.), No. DE-SC0010120 (S. G.), No. DE-SC0015655 (A. X. K., S. L., M. L., A. T. L.), No. DE-SC0009998 (J. L.), the “High Energy Physics Computing Traineeship for Lattice Gauge Theory” No. DE-SC0024053 (J. W. S.), and the Funding Opportunity Announcement Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing: High Energy Physics, LAB 22-2580 (D. A. C., C. T. P., L. H., M. L., S. L.); by the Exascale Computing Project (17-SC-20-SC), a collaborative effort of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration (H. J.); by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY20-13064 and No. PHY23-10571 (C. D., D. A. C., S. L., A. V.), No. PHY23-09946 (A. B.), No. 2139536 for Characteristic Science Applications for the Leadership Class Computing Facility (L. H., H. J.); by the Simons Foundation under their Simons Fellows in Theoretical Physics program (A. X. K.); by the Universities Research Association Visiting Scholarship awards 20-S-12 and 21-S-05 (S. L.); by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER (EU) under Grant PID2022-140440NB-C21 (E. G.); by Consejeria de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación and Gobierno de España and EU–NextGenerationEU, under Grant AST22 8.4 (E. G.); by AEI (Spain) under Grant No. RYC2020-030244-I / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033 (A. V.); and by U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council under Grant ST/T000945/1 (C. T. H. D). A. X. K. and E. T. N. are grateful to the Pauli Center for Theoretical Studies and the ETH Zürich for support and hospitality. A. X. K, A. S. K, and E. T. N are grateful to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) for hospitality and support during the “What is Particle Theory?” program. The K. I. T. P. is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-2309135. This document was prepared by the Fermilab Lattice, HPQCD, and MILC Collaborations using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.

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