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Abstract

Understanding wave kinematics is crucial for analysing the thermodynamic effects ofsloshing, which can lead to pressure drops in non-isothermal cryogenic fuel tanks. Inthe research reported here, Faraday waves in a horizontal circular tank (partially filledwith water) under vertical excitation are investigated. The tank geometry is referred toas a horizontal circular tank throughout, with its circular face oriented perpendicularto the horizontal plane. Firstly, this paper addresses the eigenvalue problem throughlinear potential flow theory, in order to provide theoretical evidence of Faraday wavesin horizontal circular tanks, the impact the density ratio has on the eigenvalues is thenconsidered. Secondly, an experimental investigation testing multiple liquid fill levels isconducted. A soft-spring nonlinear response is demonstrated throughout the parameterspace. The results showed larger sloshing amplitudes for low fill levels and smallersloshing amplitudes for high fill levels. Asymmetry between anti-nodes at the containersidewalls and through the tank centreline are evident for low fill levels. Moreover, thesloshing wave amplitude at which breaking waves occur is smaller for high fill levelconditions. Finally, period tripling was observed for all fill levels tested, confirmingnonlinear mode interactions before the onset to wave breaking.

DOI

10.1017/jfm.2025.16

Publication Date

2025-03-03

Publication Title

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Volume

1006

ISSN

0022-1120

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