The Wind in the Willows Effect: Does age affect human versus animal faux pas recognition?
ORCID
- Gray Atherton: 0000-0002-3954-9127
- Liam Cross: 0000-0002-5122-1650
Abstract
Children’s literature is rife with anthropomorphic or non-human characters that may be used as a scaffold to teach children about theory of mind (ToM) or the ways in which people think or feel about the social world. In this study, 107 typically developing U.K. school children in Years 1, 3, and 5 (5–10 years of age) completed a human and anthropomorphic ToM test that tested their understanding of faux pas. Specifically, children from these three age groups were given a human version of 20 faux pas stories and an identical animal version of the same stories 1 week apart (with counterbalancing between classes). Pairwise comparison showed that participants in Year 1 did significantly better on the animal ToM test compared with the human ToM test, matching ToM scores of children in Year 3. On the human version of the task, there was a clear progression in age-related ToM abilities, with older children outperforming younger children and improving when the stories were human rather than anthropomorphic. Implications and future directions are discussed, in line with theories of species specialization and the importance of anthropomorphism for children.
DOI
10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106116
Publication Date
2024-11-02
Publication Title
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Volume
249
ISSN
0022-0965
Keywords
Anthropomorphism, Faux pas test, Theory of mind, Development
Recommended Citation
Atherton, G., Robinson, L., Guy-Smith, L., & Cross, L. (2024) 'The Wind in the Willows Effect: Does age affect human versus animal faux pas recognition?', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106116