ORCID
- Tim Nutbeam: 0000-0003-0814-9240
Abstract
Matters arising.Trauma remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among children, adolescents, and working-age adults. Despite major advances in trauma system and hospital-based care, a significant proportion of fatalities occur in the prehospital setting, often within minutes and before arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) [1]. Observational analyses consistently suggest that between one quarter and nearly half of trauma-related deaths occur before hospital arrival [2]. A recent prospective multicentre study involving over 1,000 patients with haemorrhagic shock demonstrated that, despite improvements in trauma centre capabilities, including whole blood resuscitation, hybrid operating rooms, and endovascular haemorrhage control, the timing and proportion of deaths due to bleeding have remained unchanged for three decades [3]. This strongly suggests that further improvements in survival will require earlier intervention before hospital arrival.
DOI Link
Publication Date
2026-04-21
Publication Title
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Volume
34
Issue
1
ISSN
1757-7241
Acceptance Date
2026-04-06
Deposit Date
2026-06-29
Funding
This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Additional Links
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Imbriaco, G., D’Arrigo, S., Limonti, F., Nutbeam, T., & Cucino, A. (2026) 'The diamond minutes: rethinking the earliest link of the trauma chain of survival', Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 34(1). Available at: 10.1186/s13049-026-01611-7
