ORCID
- M.R. Joshi: 0000-0001-7185-3375
Abstract
The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured ‘functional’ presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
DOI
10.1016/j.clae.2024.102157
Publication Date
2024-04-08
Publication Title
Contact Lens and Anterior Eye
Volume
47
Issue
4
ISSN
1367-0484
Keywords
Age, Impact of presbyopia, Patient-reported outcome measures, Presbyopia prevalence, Quality of life, Questionnaire, Risk factors, Urban
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Markoulli, M., Fricke, T., Arvind, A., Frick, K., Joshi, M., Kandel, H., Filipe Macedo, A., Makrynioti, D., Retallic, N., Garcia-Porta, N., Shrestha, G., & Wolffsohn, J. (2024) 'BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact', Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2024.102157
