The Lemna Toxicity Test: Guideline of a New Test System Based on Root Re-Growth
Abstract
A new phytotoxicity test method based on Lemna root elongation has been developed. Tests with aquatic plants have, typically, favored measurements on fronds (e.g. frond number, area, biomass) rather than on roots, due, in part, to issues associated with handling fragile roots and the time-consuming procedures of selecting roots with identical root lengths. The new test method differs from the traditional procedures by removing all roots from fronds prior to exposure to toxicants with subsequent measurements on newly developed roots. The root re-growth bioassay also differs from three internationally standardized methods (ISO, OCED and US EPA) in that it is completed within a shorter time period (72 h), the required volume of test solutions is only 3.0 mL and non-axenic plants are used. Our results show that the Lemna root method is a simple, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and precise bioassay to assess the toxic risks of environmental contaminants.
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