Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water
dc.contributor.author | Jones, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Scarlett, AG | |
dc.contributor.author | West, CE | |
dc.contributor.author | Frank, RA | |
dc.contributor.author | Gieleciak, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Hager, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Pureveen, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Tegelaar, E | |
dc.contributor.author | Rowland, SJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-10-22T17:04:24Z | |
dc.date.available | 2013-10-22T17:04:24Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-11 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0045-6535 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1879-1298 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2295 | |
dc.description.abstract |
'Naphthenic acids' (NAs) in petroleum produced water and oil sands process water (OSPW), have been implicated in toxicological effects. However, many are not well characterized. A method for fractionation of NAs of an OSPW was used herein and a multi-method characterization of the fractions conducted. The unfractionated OSPW acidic extract was characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and an esterified extract by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectroscopy and by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography-MS (GCxGC-MS). Methyl esters were fractionated by argentation solid phase extraction (Ag(+) SPE) and fractions eluting with: hexane; diethyl ether: hexane and diethyl ether, examined. Each was weighed, examined by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, GC-MS and GCxGC-MS (both nominal and high resolution MS). The ether fraction, containing sulfur, was also examined by GCxGC-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GCxGC-SCD). The major ions detected by ESI-MS in the OSPW extract were assigned to alicyclic and aromatic 'O2' acids; sulfur was also present. Components recovered by Ag(+) SPE were also methyl esters of alicyclic and aromatic acids; these contained little sulfur or nitrogen. FTIR spectra showed that hydroxy acids and sulfoxides were absent or minor. UV spectra, along with the C/H ratio, further confirmed the aromaticity of the hexane:ether eluate. The more minor ether eluate contained further aromatics and 1.5% sulfur. FTIR spectra indicated free carboxylic acids, in addition to esters. Four major sulfur compounds were detected by GCxGC-SCD. GCxGC-high resolution MS indicated these were methyl esters of C18 S-containing, diaromatics with ≥C3 carboxylic acid side chains. | |
dc.format.extent | 1655-1664 | |
dc.format.medium | Print-Electronic | |
dc.language | en | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier BV | |
dc.subject | Oil sands | |
dc.subject | Naphthenic acids | |
dc.subject | Solid phase extraction | |
dc.subject | Elemental analysis | |
dc.subject | FTIR | |
dc.subject | UV | |
dc.title | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water | |
dc.type | journal-article | |
dc.type | Article | |
plymouth.author-url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23856466 | |
plymouth.issue | 9 | |
plymouth.volume | 93 | |
plymouth.publication-status | Published | |
plymouth.journal | Chemosphere | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.011 | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute | |
plymouth.organisational-group | /Plymouth/Users by role | |
dc.publisher.place | England | |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2013-03-04 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1879-1298 | |
dc.rights.embargoperiod | Not known | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.011 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri | http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2013-11 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review |