ORCID

Abstract

Lahars are energetic flows of loosely consolidated volcanic debris and water, which have occurred frequently after rainfall events on St Vincent in the Eastern Caribbean since the April 2021 explosive phase of the 2020-21 eruption of La Soufriere volcano. Using scientific observations and information from social media, we have constructed a detailed timeline of 25 lahar events that occurred during 2021, and summarised lahar impacts and losses. 20 mm daily rainfall on a river catchment is (and remains) sufficient to result in a lahar. We used this threshold, with field estimates of lahar volumes, to conduct both an island-wide assessment of potentially impacted locations using the LAHARZ model, and a detailed reconstruction of one lahar event, using the dynamic model LaharFlow. A simplified catchment hydrology approach with runoff ratios typical for the Caribbean showed good agreement with observations of flow properties near the coast. Lahars will continue to be an important hazard in St Vincent into the future, and our modelling approach can assess future lahar impacts and provide early warnings. Social media provided key information about lahars and impacts, and allowed communities to alert each other. Future hazard mitigation should strengthen links between communities and with national risk management.

DOI

10.1144/sp539-2022-313

Publication Date

2024-04-01

Publication Title

Geological Society, London, Special Publications

Volume

539

Issue

1

ISSN

0305-8719

Embargo Period

2023-08-17

Organisational Unit

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

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