ORCID

Abstract

Lahars are energetic flows of loosely consolidated volcanic debris and water, which have occurred frequently after rainfall events on St Vincent in the Eastern Caribbean since the April 2021 explosive phase of the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière volcano. Using scientific observations and information from social media, we have constructed a detailed timeline of the 25 lahar events that occurred during 2021, and summarized lahar impacts and losses. 20 mm daily rainfall on a river catchment is (and remains) sufficient to result in a lahar. We used this threshold, with field estimates of lahar volumes, to conduct both an island-wide assessment of poten-tially impacted locations using the Laharz model, and a detailed reconstruction of one lahar event, using the dynamic model LaharFlow. A simplified catchment hydrology approach with runoff ratios typical for the Caribbean showed good agreement with observations of flow properties near the coast. Lahars will continue to be an important hazard in St Vincent into the future, and our modelling approach can assess future lahar impacts and provide early warnings. Social media provided key information about lahars and impacts, and allowed communities to alert each other. Future hazard mitigation should strengthen links between communities and with national risk management.

Publication Date

2024-01-01

Publication Title

Geological Society, London, Special Publications

Volume

539

Issue

1

ISSN

0305-8719

Acceptance Date

2023-08-01

Deposit Date

2023-08-16

Embargo Period

2023-08-17

Funding

Funding This research was partly funded by the ‘Risk at the Margins’ United Kingdom Research and Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund project EP/T024747/ 1. JCP acknowledges support from a University of Bristol Research Fellowship. Fieldwork for PDC and JB was funded by the Royal Society APX/R1/180094.

First Page

245

Last Page

266

Download

Share

COinS