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Abstract

Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, we discuss key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, including shifts in phenology, range, and body size, and assess the implications to the biological carbon pump and interactions with higher trophic levels. Our synthesis highlights key knowledge gaps and geographic gaps in monitoring coverage that need to be urgently addressed. We also discuss an integrated sampling approach that combines traditional and novel techniques to improve zooplankton observation for the benefit of monitoring zooplankton populations and modelling future scenarios under global changes.

Publication Date

2023-02-02

Publication Title

Nature Communications

Volume

14

Issue

1

ISSN

2041-1723

Acceptance Date

2023-01-20

Deposit Date

2025-01-17

Funding

This work was organised in the framework of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Biology and Ecosystems panel. The European component in Fig. 3 was produced based on a survey of marine monitoring programmes within Europe through the EU Horizon 2020 EuroSea action (grant no. 862626). GOOS Biology and Ecosystems panel is funded through the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). E.M. was funded from Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Antártico de Pesquisas Ambientais (INCT-APA) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Horizon 2020 AtlantECO (grant no. 862923). AA was funded from the Natural Environment Research Council’s (NERC) Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (grant no. NE/R015953/1). KS was funded from NERC MOSAiC-Thematic project SYM-PEL: “Quantifying the contribution of sympagic versus pelagic diatoms to Arctic food webs and biogeochemical fluxes: application of source-specific highly branched isoprenoid biomarkers” (NE/S002502/1). CO was funded from the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) and comprising the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB), Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council through Gulf Watch Alaska, Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). Horizon 2020: 862428 Atlantic Mission, 862923 AtlantECO. NHAI was funded by Yayasan Penyelidikan Antartika Sultan Mizan (YPASM) Research Grant under Smart Partnership Initiative 2020: “The Fate of Salps in a Changing Ocean: Emerging Environmental Consequences for the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean” (Vot. No. 53479) and the Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) funded by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (LRGS/1/2020/UMT/01/1; LRGS UMT Vot No. 56040). KSB was funded from US National Science Foundation. JDE was funded by Australian Research Council Discovery Project No. DP19010229. FL was funded through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 871153 (JERICO-S3) and grant agreement no. 862923 (AtlantECO) and by the Institut Universitaire de France. MG was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1851866) and the Partnership Instrument managed by the European Commission’s Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (EU4OceanObs, PI/2020/417-631). LY was supported by the Andalusian Government (Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia) and EU (European Regional Development Fund) through project MICROZOO-ID (P20_00743).

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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