Coastal greening of grey infrastructure: an update on the state-of-the-art

ORCID

Abstract

In the marine environment, greening of grey infrastructure (GGI) is a rapidly growing field that attempts to encourage native marine life to colonise marine artificial structures to enhance biodiversity, thereby promoting ecosystem functioning and hence service provision. By designing multifunctional sea defences, breakwaters, port complexes and offshore renewable energy installations, these structures can yield myriad environmental benefits, in particular, addressing UN SDG 14: Life below water. Although GGI has shown great promise and there is a growing evidence base, there remain many criticisms and knowledge gaps, and some feel that there is scope for GGI to be abused by developers to facilitate harmful development. Given the surge of research in this field in recent years, it is timely to review the literature to provide an update on the state of the art of the field in relation to the many criticisms and identify remaining knowledge gaps. Despite the rapid and significant advances made in this field, there is currently a lack of science and practice outside of academic sectors in the developed world, and there is a collective need for schemes that encourage intersectoral and trans-sectoral research, knowledge exchange and capacity building to optimise GGI in the pursuit of contributing to sustainable development.

DOI

10.1680/jmaen.2023.003

Publication Date

2024-02-08

Publication Title

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Maritime Engineering

Volume

177

Issue

2

ISSN

1741-7597

Embargo Period

2025-02-07

Keywords

Design, Environment, UN SDG 14: Life below water, environment, sustainable materials, design, biological

First Page

35

Last Page

67

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