Coastal greening of grey infrastructure: an update on the state-of-the-art
ORCID
- Alice E. Hall: 0000-0002-1048-3101
- Mick E. Hanley: 0000-0002-3966-8919
- Anaëlle J. Lemasson: 0000-0002-5158-0610
- Richard C. Thompson: 0000-0003-2262-6621
Abstract
In the marine environment, greening of grey infrastructure (GGI) is a rapidly growing field that attempts to encourage native marine life to colonise marine artificial structures to enhance biodiversity, thereby promoting ecosystem functioning and hence service provision. By designing multifunctional sea defences, breakwaters, port complexes and offshore renewable energy installations, these structures can yield myriad environmental benefits, in particular, addressing UN SDG 14: Life below water. Although GGI has shown great promise and there is a growing evidence base, there remain many criticisms and knowledge gaps, and some feel that there is scope for GGI to be abused by developers to facilitate harmful development. Given the surge of research in this field in recent years, it is timely to review the literature to provide an update on the state of the art of the field in relation to the many criticisms and identify remaining knowledge gaps. Despite the rapid and significant advances made in this field, there is currently a lack of science and practice outside of academic sectors in the developed world, and there is a collective need for schemes that encourage intersectoral and trans-sectoral research, knowledge exchange and capacity building to optimise GGI in the pursuit of contributing to sustainable development.
DOI
10.1680/jmaen.2023.003
Publication Date
2024-02-08
Publication Title
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Maritime Engineering
Volume
177
Issue
2
ISSN
1741-7597
Embargo Period
2025-02-07
Keywords
Design, Environment, UN SDG 14: Life below water, environment, sustainable materials, design, biological
First Page
35
Last Page
67
Recommended Citation
Firth, L., Bone, J., Bartholomew, A., Bishop, M., Bugnot, A., Bulleri, F., Chee, S., Claassens, L., Dafforn, K., Fairchild, T., Hall, A., Hanley, M., Komyakova, V., Lemasson, A., Loke, L., Mayer-Pinto, M., Morris, R., Naylor, L., Perkins, M., Pioch, S., Porri, F., O'Shaughnessy, K., Schaefer, N., Strain, E., Toft, J., Waltham, N., Aguilera, M., Airoldi, L., Bauer, F., & Brooks, P. (2024) 'Coastal greening of grey infrastructure: an update on the state-of-the-art', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Maritime Engineering, 177(2), pp. 35-67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1680/jmaen.2023.003