ORCID

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Interactive narrative is revolutionizing narrative and writing conventions; however, AI LLM-driven creative systems encounter challenges related to opaque narrative logic, limited user control, and reduced creative autonomy. This research introduces two interactive solutions: GUI digital cards (Prototype 1) and TUI physical cards (Prototype 2), evaluated through a two-phase comparative study. Phase 1 consisted of an exploratory pilot study involving 30 participants (10 in each group), while Phase 2 was conducted as an extended validation study with 72 participants recruited through open online channels, without restricting participation to academic settings. Prototype 1 (GUI) facilitates individual creation through features such as virtual card combinations and drag-and-drop functionality. In contrast, Prototype 2 (TUI) promotes collaborative engagement by translating physical card layouts into narrative structures using image recognition technology. Comparative analysis across both phases demonstrates that two prototypes surpass the traditional LLM Story writing approach in fostering creative autonomy and emotional expression. Nonetheless, outcome-level performance between GUI and TUI remains comparable, while process-level differences reveal complementary strengths: Prototype 1 requires screen sharing for collaboration but supports efficient individual iteration, whereas Prototype 2 enhances collaborative sensemaking through embodied spatial interaction at the cost of lower individual efficiency. This investigation validates the efficacy of “modular card combinations” in making narrative generation interpretable at the interaction and structural level, highlights the complementary strengths of GUI and TUI, and establishes a framework for AI collaborative human-machine story writing.

Publication Date

2026-04-20

Publication Title

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

ISSN

1044-7318

Acceptance Date

2026-03-26

Deposit Date

2026-11-02

Keywords

AIGC narrative generation, Card-based narrative interaction, GUI (digital card), LLM (large language model) story writing methods, modular card combination, TUI (physical card)

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