Abstract
This paper deals with the evolution monitoring of biomass colonization and mechanical properties of 3D printed eco-materials/mortars immersed in the sea. Measurements of tensile strength, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus were determined on samples deployed along the Atlantic coast of Europe, in France, United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal. The samples were manufactured using 3D printing, where six mix designs with a low environmental impact binder were used. These mortars were based on geopolymer and cementitious binders (Cement CEM III), in which sand is replaced by three types of recycled sand, including glass, seashell, and limestone by 30%, 50%, and 100% respectively. The colonization of concrete samples by micro/macro-organisms and their durability were also evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of immersion. The results showed that both biomass colonization and mechanical properties were better with CEM III compared to geopolymer-based compositions. Therefore, the mixed design optimized according to mechanical properties show that the use of CEM III should be preferred over these geopolymer binders in 3D printed concrete for artificial reef applications.
DOI
10.3390/su14159353
Publication Date
2022-07-30
Publication Title
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume
14
Issue
15
Embargo Period
2024-04-27
Organisational Unit
No Org Unit Found
Recommended Citation
Boukhelf, F., Sebaibi, N., Boutouil, M., Yoris-Nobile, A., Blanco-Fernandez, E., Castro-Fresno, D., Real-Gutierrez, C., Herbert, R., Greenhill, S., Reis, B., Franco, J., Borges, M., Sousa-Pinto, I., van, d., Gómez, O., Meyer, H., Almada, E., Stafford, R., Danet, V., Lobo-Arteaga, J., Tuaty-Guerra, M., & E., H. (2022) 'On the Properties Evolution of Eco-Material Dedicated to Manufacturing Artificial Reef via 3D Printing: Long-Term Interactions of Cementitious Materials in the Marine Environment', SUSTAINABILITY, 14(15). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159353
