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dc.contributor.authorBowers, DG
dc.contributor.authorMcKee, D
dc.contributor.authorJago, CF
dc.contributor.authorNimmo-Smith, Alex
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-26T09:55:30Z
dc.date.available2017-06-26T09:55:30Z
dc.date.issued2017-04-05
dc.identifier.issn0272-7714
dc.identifier.issn1096-0015
dc.identifier.otherC
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9547
dc.descriptionpublisher: Elsevier articletitle: The area-to-mass ratio and fractal dimension of marine flocs journaltitle: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.026 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
dc.description.abstract

Optical instruments have proved invaluable in the study of suspended matter in the sea but the measurements they provide are more closely related to the cross-sectional area of the particles in suspension than the mass measured by filtration or predicted by theory. In this paper, we examine the factors controlling the relationship between particle area and mass, using the fractal model of particle structure as a theoretical framework. Both theory and observation agree that the area-to-mass ratio of particles (symbol A*) decreases with increasing fractal dimension (symbol Nf) as particles hide behind each other in compact flocs. The equation A* = 0.253–0.081Nf, in which A* is in m2 g−1 explains 81% of the variance in the area:mass ratio at 151 stations in coastal waters. In contrast, the effect of floc size on A* is small. Three optical parameters – beam attenuation, diffuse attenuation and remote sensing reflectance, expressed per unit mass of suspended material, all decrease with increasing Nf. As our understanding of the flocculation process grows and it becomes possible to predict the fractal dimension of particles as a function of the environmental conditions in which the flocs form, these results will lead to improved calibration of optical instruments in terms of the mass concentration of suspended materials and to better models of sediment suspension and transport.

dc.format.extent224-234
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.titleThe area-to-mass ratio and fractal dimension of marine flocs
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000400718600019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.volume189
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalEstuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.026
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Biological and Marine Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/PRIMaRE Publications
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA07 Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-03-14
dc.identifier.eissn1096-0015
dc.rights.embargoperiodNo embargo
rioxxterms.funderNatural Environment Research Council
rioxxterms.identifier.projectMeasurement of the abundance and optical significance of sub-micron sized particles in the ocean
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.026
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2017-04-05
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
plymouth.funderMeasurement of the abundance and optical significance of sub-micron sized particles in the ocean::Natural Environment Research Council
plymouth.oa-locationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.026


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