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dc.contributor.authorDavison, G
dc.contributor.authorMarchbank, Tania
dc.contributor.authorMarch, DS
dc.contributor.authorThatcher, R
dc.contributor.authorPlayford, Raymond
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-03T08:16:03Z
dc.date.issued2016-08-01
dc.identifier.issn0002-9165
dc.identifier.issn1938-3207
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5166
dc.descriptionFull text under permanent embargo as per publisher policy.
dc.description.abstract

BACKGROUND: Heavy exercise causes gut symptoms and, in extreme cases, heat stroke that is due to the increased intestinal permeability of luminal toxins. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether zinc carnosine (ZnC), a health-food product taken alone or in combination with bovine colostrum (a natural source of growth factors), would moderate such effects. DESIGN: Eight volunteers completed a 4-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol (14 d of placebo, ZnC, colostrum, or ZnC plus colostrum) before undertaking standardized exercise 2 and 14 d after the start of treatment. Changes in epithelial resistance, apoptosis signaling molecules, and tight junction (TJ) protein phosphorylation in response to a 2°C rise in body temperature were determined with the use of Caco-2 and HT29 intestinal cells. RESULTS: Body temperature increased 2°C, and gut permeability (5-h urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratios) increased 3-fold after exercise (from 0.32 ± 0.016 baseline to 1.0 ± 0.017 at 14 d; P < 0.01). ZnC or colostrum truncated the rise by 70% after 14 d of treatment. The combination treatment gave an additional benefit, and truncated exercise induced increase at 2 d (30% reduction; P < 0.01). A 2°C temperature rise in in vitro studies caused the doubling of apoptosis and reduced epithelial resistance 3-4-fold. ZnC or colostrum truncated these effects (35-50%) with the greatest response seen with the combination treatment (all P < 0.01). Mechanisms of action included increasing heat shock protein 70 and truncating temperature-induced changes in B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 associated X protein α and B cell lymphoma 2. ZnC also increased total occludin and reduced phosphorylated tyrosine claudin, phosphorylated tyrosine occludin, and phosphorylated serine occludin, thereby enhancing the TJ formation and stabilization. CONCLUSION: ZnC, taken alone or with colostrum, increased epithelial resistance and the TJ structure and may have value for athletes and in the prevention of heat stroke in military personnel. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN51159138.

dc.format.extent526-536
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOxford University Press (OUP)
dc.subjectclinical trial
dc.subjectgut growth
dc.subjectinjury
dc.subjectnutriceutical
dc.subjectrepair
dc.titleZinc carnosine works with bovine colostrum in truncating heavy exercise-induced increase in gut permeability in healthy volunteers.
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.typeRandomized Controlled Trial
plymouth.author-urlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27357095
plymouth.issue2
plymouth.volume104
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition
dc.identifier.doi10.3945/ajcn.116.134403
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Health
dc.publisher.placeUnited States
dcterms.dateAccepted2016-05-26
dc.rights.embargodate9999-12-31
dc.identifier.eissn1938-3207
dc.rights.embargoperiodIndefinite
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3945/ajcn.116.134403
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2016-08-01
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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