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dc.contributor.authorGitrowski, C
dc.contributor.authorAl-Jubory, AR
dc.contributor.authorHandy, Richard
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-22T16:05:52Z
dc.date.available2016-06-22T16:05:52Z
dc.date.issued2014-05
dc.identifier.issn0378-4274
dc.identifier.issn1879-3169
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4949
dc.description.abstract

The gastrointestinal uptake of different crystal structures of TiO2 was investigated using Caco-2 intestinal cells. Caco-2 monolayers exhibited time-dependent, saturable uptake of Ti from TiO2 exposures of 1 mgl(-1) over 24h, which was influenced by crystal type. Initial uptake rates were 5.3, 3.73, 3.58 and 4.48 nmol mg(-1)protein h(-1) for bulk, P25, anatase and rutile forms respectively. All exposures caused elevations of Ti in the cells relative to the control (ANOVA P<0.05). Electron micrographs of the Caco-2 monolayer showed the presence of particles inside the cells, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition as TiO2. Incubating the cells with 120 IU nystatin (putative endocytosis inhibitor) or 100 μmol l(-1) vanadate (ATPase inhibitor) caused large increases in Ti accumulation for all crystal types relative to controls (ANOVA P<0.05), except for the rutile form with vanadate. Incubating the cells with 90 μmol l(-1) genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) or 27 μmol l(-1) chloropromazine (clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor) caused a large decrease in Ti accumulation relative to the controls (ANOVA P<0.05). Cell viability measures were generally good (low LDH leak, normal cell morphology), but there were some changes in the electrolyte composition (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) of exposed cells relative to controls. A rise in total Ca(2+) concentration in the cells was observed for all TiO2 crystal type exposures. Overall, the data shows that Ti accumulation for TiO2 NP exposure in Caco-2 cells is crystal structure-dependent, and that the mechanism(s) involves endocytosis of intact particles.

dc.format.extent264-276
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.subjectCaco-2
dc.subjectUptake mechanism
dc.subjectEndocytosis
dc.subjectElectrolyte homeostasis
dc.subjectTitanium dioxide nanoparticles
dc.titleUptake of different crystal structures of TiO2 nanoparticles by Caco-2 intestinal cells
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.typeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000334846300002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.issue3
plymouth.volume226
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalToxicology Letters
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.014
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Biological and Marine Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA06 Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeNetherlands
dcterms.dateAccepted2014-02-17
dc.identifier.eissn1879-3169
dc.rights.embargoperiodNo embargo
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.014
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2014-05-02
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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