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dc.contributor.authorMuhammad, K
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, S
dc.contributor.authorMohammadamin, K
dc.contributor.authorKuri, Victor
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-08T12:15:23Z
dc.date.available2022-03-08T12:15:23Z
dc.date.issued2019-08-01
dc.identifier.issn1995-5596
dc.identifier.issn1995-5596
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18915
dc.description.abstract

Background and objective: Fluoride is used to prevent dental caries, and it has been one of the most effective and widespread agents. Fluoride level has been shown in saliva, plaque, and oral soft tissues after use of fluoridated toothpaste that persists at potentially active concentrations for hours. This study aimed to evaluate how fluoride in toothpaste intake can affect the salivary fluoride and test fluoride in tap water in the different places of Erbil city. Methods: Forty five volunteers were examined. In the morning after overnight fasting before brushing teeth, the saliva of the subjects (healthy non-smoker adults) was taken before brushing teeth, which was a baseline. After 10 and 20 minutes of washing mouth with water (after brushing), saliva was taken and then the cotton pad was held under the tongue for 5 min. Saliva samples were frozen at -20 Co for later analysis. Tap water samples in different places in Erbil city were analyzed. Results: Toothpaste significantly (P = 0.002) increased salivary fluoride after brushing teeth. The fluoride concentration of tap water in Erbil city was very low at the places that use groundwater. Conclusion: This research indicates that salivary fluoride significantly increases after brushing teeth. The fluoride concentration naturally occurring levels in the tap water in the places where the source is groundwater are not enough.

dc.format.extent242-246
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHawler Medical University
dc.subjectPrevention
dc.subjectClinical Research
dc.subjectDental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease
dc.titleMeasuring fluoride in human saliva and water
dc.typejournal-article
plymouth.issue2
plymouth.volume23
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalZanco Journal of Medical Sciences
dc.identifier.doi10.15218/zjms.2019.030
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Biological and Marine Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA06 Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-08-26
dc.rights.embargodate2022-3-9
dc.identifier.eissn1995-5596
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.15218/zjms.2019.030
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-08-01
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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