The application of precaution in elasmobranch conservation and management in the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract

This study examined the integration and application of the precautionary principle at national level for the conservation and management of elasmobranchs. Three countries, Greece, Malta, and Cyprus were assessed. Based on national legislation, policies, and reports, the assessment shows limited integration and application of the precautionary approach for the conservation and management of this group. The review of existing measures and relevant literature revealed potential applications of the precautionary principle for two model species, the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and the bull ray (Aetomylaeus bovinus). Sixteen measures, ranging from basic to strong precautionary actions, are proposed to aid the conservation and management of these two species.