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dc.contributor.authorRodgers, LR
dc.contributor.authorStreeter, Adam
dc.contributor.authorLin, N
dc.contributor.authorHamilton, W
dc.contributor.authorHenley, WE
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-22T09:32:28Z
dc.date.issued2021-01-29
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.othere0246156
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18144
dc.description.abstract

<jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are a frequent complication of influenza and contribute to the widespread use of antibiotics. Influenza vaccination may help reduce both appropriate and inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. Electronic health records provide a rich source of information for assessing secondary effects of influenza vaccination.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study to estimate effects of influenza vaccine on antibiotic (amoxicillin) prescription in the elderly based on data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The introduction of UK policy to recommend the influenza vaccine to older adults in 2000 led to a substantial increase in uptake, creating a natural experiment. Of 259,753 eligible patients that were unvaccinated in 1999 and aged≥65y by January 2000, 88,519 patients received influenza vaccination in 2000. These were propensity score matched 1:1 to unvaccinated patients. Time-to-amoxicillin was analysed using the Prior Event Rate Ratio (PERR) Pairwise method to address bias from time-invariant measured and unmeasured confounders. A simulation study and negative control outcome were used to help strengthen the validity of results.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Compared to unvaccinated patients, those from the vaccinated group were more likely to be prescribed amoxicillin in the year prior to vaccination: hazard ratio (HR) 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.83, 1.98). Following vaccination, the vaccinated group were again more likely to be prescribed amoxicillin, HR 1.64 (1.58,1.71). After adjusting for prior differences between the two groups using PERR Pairwise, overall vaccine effectiveness was 0.86 (0.81, 0.92). Additional analyses suggested that provided data meet the PERR assumptions, these estimates were robust.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Once differences between groups were taken into account, influenza vaccine had a beneficial effect, lowering the frequency of amoxicillin prescribing in the vaccinated group. Ensuring successful implementation of national programmes of vaccinating older adults against influenza may help contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

dc.format.extente0246156-e0246156
dc.format.mediumElectronic-eCollection
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectAged, 80 and over
dc.subjectAmoxicillin
dc.subjectBacterial Infections
dc.subjectDrug Prescriptions
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectInfluenza Vaccines
dc.subjectInfluenza, Human
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectPrimary Health Care
dc.subjectRetrospective Studies
dc.subjectUnited Kingdom
dc.subjectVaccination
dc.titleImpact of influenza vaccination on amoxicillin prescriptions in older adults: A retrospective cohort study using primary care data
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000613891400038&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.issue1
plymouth.volume16
plymouth.publication-statusPublished online
plymouth.journalPLoS One
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0246156
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Health
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Health/Peninsula Medical School
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA03 Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Institute of Health and Community
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Plymouth Institute of Health and Care Research (PIHR)
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeUnited States
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-01-15
dc.rights.embargodate2021-10-23
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1371/journal.pone.0246156
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021-01-29
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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