An advanced micro-bio-loop to produce biogas

Abstract

The authors report an advanced micro-bio-loop that involves recycling through four steps; namely: microalgae culture; de-oxygenation; anaerobic digestion; and aerobic decomposition. The advanced micro-bio-loop operates under sunlight to produce a continuous stream of biogas without requiring any additional external input or internal output to its surrounds. In comparison to conventional biogas production process, it achieves a net positive energy balance at remarkably different level of 0.0224 kWh MJ−1, with less than 33% of environmental impacts, less than 0.57% of water demand, only 7.35% arable land-use and 0.041% of labor.