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dc.contributor.authorLi, Y
dc.contributor.authorZhang, B
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Z
dc.contributor.authorWang, S
dc.contributor.authorYao, J
dc.contributor.authorBorthwick, Alistair
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-22T11:12:56Z
dc.date.issued2020-08
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn1873-6424
dc.identifier.other114540
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/17655
dc.description.abstract

Whereas there is broad consensus that smelting causes serious soil contamination during vanadium production, little is known about the vanadium content of soil near smelters and the associated health risk at continental scale. This study is the first to map the distribution of vanadium in farmland soil surrounding smelters throughout mainland China, and assess the associated health risk. Analysis of 76 samples indicated that the average vanadium content in such soil was 115.5 mg/kg - far higher than the 82 mg/kg background content in China (p < 0.05). Southwest China (198.0 mg/kg) and North China (158.3 mg/kg) possessed highest vanadium contents. Vanadium content was strongly related to longitude, altitude, and atmospheric temperature. The reducible fraction accounted for the largest percentages in vanadium speciation. The average Pollution Load Index for all samples was 1.51, denoting significant metal enrichment. The Children's hazard index was higher than unity, indicating elevated health risk. The relative contribution of vanadium to the total health risk ranged from 6.02% to 34.5%, while nickel and chromium were the two main contributors in most regions. This work may serve as a model providing an overview of continental vanadium contamination around smelters, and draw attention to their possible health risks.

dc.format.extent114540-114540
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.subjectFarmland soil
dc.subjectHealth risk assessment
dc.subjectReducible vanadium
dc.subjectSmelter
dc.subjectSoil contamination
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectChina
dc.subjectEnvironmental Monitoring
dc.subjectFarms
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMetals, Heavy
dc.subjectRisk Assessment
dc.subjectSoil
dc.subjectSoil Pollutants
dc.subjectVanadium
dc.titleVanadium contamination and associated health risk of farmland soil near smelters throughout China
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302894
plymouth.issuePt A
plymouth.volume263
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalEnvironmental Pollution
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114540
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeEngland
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-04-04
dc.rights.embargodate9999-12-31
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6424
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114540
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2020-08
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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