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dc.contributor.authorKhan, Zen
dc.contributor.authorRahman, MHUen
dc.contributor.authorHaider, Gen
dc.contributor.authorAmir, Ren
dc.contributor.authorIkram, RMen
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Sen
dc.contributor.authorSchofield, HKen
dc.contributor.authorRiaz, Ben
dc.contributor.authorIqbal, Ren
dc.contributor.authorFahad, Sen
dc.contributor.authorDatta, Ren
dc.contributor.authorBaazeem, Aen
dc.contributor.authorSabagh, AELen
dc.contributor.authorDanish, Sen
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-09T10:15:02Z
dc.date.available2021-08-09T10:15:02Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-24en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/17421
dc.description.abstract

<jats:p>Nitrogen (N) losses are prevalent under South East Asia’s due to high N fertilizer inputs, but low N fertilizer use efficiency. This leaves a large quantity of reactive N at risk of loss to the environment. Biochar has been found to reduce N losses across a variety of soil types, however, there is limited data available for semi-arid climates, particularly at a field-scale. Herein we present an exploration of the biological and chemical enhancement effects observed of a cotton stalk-based biochar on wheat growth and yield under arid field conditions. The biochar was treated with urea-N and biofertilizer (bio-power) in different treatment setups. The six experimental treatments included; (i) a full N dose “recommended for wheat crops in the region” (104 kg N ha−1) as a positive control; (ii) a half N dose (52 kg N ha−1); (iii) a half N dose + biofertilizer (4.94 kg ha−1) as a soil mixture; (iv) a half N dose + biofertilizer as a seed inoculation; (v) a full N dose as broadcast + biochar (5 t ha−1) inoculated with biofertilizer; and (vi) a full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture. The half dose N application or biofertilizer addition as soil mix/seed inoculated/biochar inoculation with biofertilizer caused reduced wheat growth and yield compared to the control (conventional N fertilization). However, co-application of chemically enhanced biochar (loaded with a full N dose) and biofertilizer as soil mixture significantly increased the crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI). A significantly higher crop growth and canopy development led to a higher light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) for total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (11% greater than control) production compared to the control. A greater grain yield, observed for the full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture, is attributed to prolonged N availability as indicated by greater plant and soil N content at harvest and different crop growth stages, respectively. The present study has improved our understanding of how the application of nitrogen loaded biochar and biofertilizer as soil mixtures can synergize to positively affect wheat growth and soil-nitrogen retention under arid environmental conditions.</jats:p>

en
dc.format.extent5890 - 5890en
dc.languageenen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPI AGen
dc.titleChemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditionsen
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.issue11en
plymouth.volume13en
plymouth.journalSustainabilityen
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su13115890en
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-05-18en
dc.rights.embargodate2021-08-10en
dc.identifier.eissn2071-1050en
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot knownen
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3390/su13115890en
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserveden
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021-05-24en
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen


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