Show simple item record

dc.contributor.authorAustin, TJ
dc.contributor.authorComber, Sean
dc.contributor.authorForrester, E
dc.contributor.authorGardner, M
dc.contributor.authorPrice, OR
dc.contributor.authorOldenkamp, R
dc.contributor.authorRagas, AMJ
dc.contributor.authorHendriks, AJ
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-15T08:07:25Z
dc.date.available2020-09-15T08:07:25Z
dc.date.issued2021-01-15
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.other141624
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/16268
dc.description.abstract

When assessing the environmental exposure of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), the mass contributed from over the counter (OTC) sales are often not included due to difficulty obtaining this data and topical formats are overlooked completely. This study presents a comprehensive approach, investigating the significance of OTC and topical applications as sources of API releases to wastewater, in addition to temporal and subnational variations in use in the UK. The study provides methods to obtain and make use of OTC sales data which can be applied widely. The calculated releases to wastewater compared well with influent concentrations measured at several UK wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consistent overestimation was observed, attributed to a number of factors, including in-sewer removal. OTC sales were found to make up a large proportion of the mass of ibuprofen (76%) and diclofenac (35%) consumed and topical formats were also found to be vital, contributing disproportionately to wastewater loadings per unit mass of ibuprofen and diclofenac used (43% and 99% of the total mass released, respectively). Releases of the APIs investigated did not vary temporally, but regional variation was significant and where possible should be considered for the most accurate exposure assessment of pharmaceuticals.

dc.format.extent141624-141624
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectRegional
dc.subjectTemporal
dc.subjectWWTP
dc.subjectIn-sewer removal
dc.subjectTopical
dc.subjectIbuprofen
dc.titleThe importance of over-the-counter-sales and product format in the environmental exposure assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000588243900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.volume752
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalScience of The Total Environment
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141624
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA06 Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/BEACh
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeNetherlands
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-08-09
dc.rights.embargodate2021-8-20
dc.identifier.eissn1879-1026
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141624
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021-01-15
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


Files in this item

Thumbnail
Thumbnail

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

All items in PEARL are protected by copyright law.
Author manuscripts deposited to comply with open access mandates are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author.
Theme by 
Atmire NV