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dc.contributor.authorSmith, AM
dc.contributor.authorRamsay, Paul
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-25T12:58:12Z
dc.date.issued2020-03
dc.identifier.issn0020-7128
dc.identifier.issn1432-1254
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/15597
dc.description12 months embargo applied
dc.description.abstract

Phenological variation in spring leafing between and within species can determine plant responses to warmer winter and spring temperatures in the short term. Methods are needed for monitoring canopy development that can be replicated on a large-scale, while retaining fine-scale resolution at the level of individual trees. Citizen science has the potential to provide this, but a range of approaches exist in terms of the phenophase recorded (e.g. budburst or leaf expansion), how the phenophase is characterised (first events or intensity monitoring) and the portion of tree crown assessed and observation frequency. A comparison of spring budburst and leaf expansion of four tree species (Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Acer pseudoplatanus) was monitored in one woodland using (1) counts of expanded leaves on three crown sections, (2) percentage estimates of expanded leaves across the whole crown and (3) a greenness index from photography. Logistic growth models were applied to make comparisons. First-event dates were found to be misleading due to high variation in leaf development rates within and between species. Percentage estimates and counts produced similar estimates of leaf expansion timing and rate. The greenness index produced similar estimates of timing, but not rate, and was compromised by practicalities of photographing individual crowns in closed-canopy woodland. Citizen scientists could collect data across the period of spring leafing, with visual counts and/or estimates made every 3–4 days, subject to tests of reliability in pilot citizen science studies.

dc.format.extent521-531
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.subjectCitizen science
dc.subjectBudburst
dc.subjectLeaf expansion
dc.subjectCanopy greening
dc.subjectClimate change
dc.titleA comparison of ground-based methods for obtaining large-scale, high-resolution data on the spring leaf phenology of temperate tree species
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000514993300020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.issue3
plymouth.volume64
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalInternational Journal of Biometeorology
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00484-019-01839-2
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA06 Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science
dc.publisher.placeUnited States
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-11-22
dc.rights.embargodate2020-12-13
dc.identifier.eissn1432-1254
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1007/s00484-019-01839-2
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2020-03
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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