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dc.contributor.authorRuch, W
dc.contributor.authorHeintz, Sonja
dc.contributor.authorPlatt, T
dc.contributor.authorWagner, L
dc.contributor.authorProyer, RT
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-07T08:19:13Z
dc.date.available2020-04-07T08:19:13Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-18
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.other6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/15514
dc.description.abstract

The present study introduces eight comic styles (i.e., fun, humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism) and examines the validity of a set of 48 marker items for their assessment, the Comic Style Markers (CSM). These styles were originally developed to describe literary work and are used here to describe individual differences. Study 1 examines whether the eight styles can be distinguished empirically, in self- and other-reports, and in two languages. In different samples of altogether more than 1500 adult participants, the CSM was developed and evaluated with respect to internal consistency, homogeneity, test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and construct and criterion validity. Internal consistency was sufficiently high, and the median test-retest reliability over a period of 1-2 weeks was 0.86 (N = 148). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the eight styles could be distinguished in both English- (N = 303) and German-speaking samples (N = 1018 and 368). Comparing self- and other-reports (N = 210) supported both convergent and discriminant validity. The intercorrelations among the eight scales ranged from close to zero (between humor and sarcasm/cynicism) to large and positive (between sarcasm and cynicism). Consequently, second-order factor analyses revealed either two bipolar factors (based on ipsative data) or three unipolar factors (based on normative data). Study 2 related the CSM to instruments measuring personality (N = 999), intelligence (N = 214), and character strengths (N = 252), showing that (a) wit was the only style correlated with (verbal) intelligence, (b) fun was related to indicators of vitality and extraversion, (c) humor was related to character strengths of the heart, and (d) comic styles related to mock/ridicule (i.e., sarcasm, cynicism, but also irony) correlated negatively with character strengths of the virtues temperance, transcendence, and humanity. By contrast, satire had a moral goodness that was lacking in sarcasm and cynicism. Most importantly, the two studies revealed that humor might be related to a variety of character strengths depending on the comic style utilized, and that more styles may be distinguished than has been done in the past. The CSM is recommended for future explorations and refinements of comic styles.

dc.format.extent0-0
dc.format.mediumElectronic-eCollection
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media SA
dc.subjecthumor
dc.subjectridicule
dc.subjectfun
dc.subjectsatire
dc.subjectwit
dc.subjectirony
dc.subjectpersonality
dc.subjectcharacter
dc.titleBroadening Humor: Comic Styles Differentially Tap into Temperament, Character, and Ability
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000422776900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.issue0
plymouth.volume9
plymouth.publication-statusPublished online
plymouth.journalFrontiers in Psychology
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00006
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Health
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Health/School of Psychology
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA04 Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA04 Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience/UoA04 Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience MANUAL
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Plymouth Institute of Health and Care Research (PIHR)
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-01-03
dc.identifier.eissn1664-1078
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00006
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-01-18
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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