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dc.contributor.supervisorBrown, Murray
dc.contributor.authorMcKeown, Dean Andrew
dc.contributor.otherSchool of Biological and Marine Sciencesen_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-15T14:30:05Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier10317849en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14985
dc.descriptionChapter 1 published as: McKeown, D.A., Stevens, K., Peters, A.F., Bond, P., Harper, G.M., Brownlee, C., Brown, M.T. and Schroeder, D.C. (2017). Phaeoviruses discovered in kelp (Laminariales). The ISME journal. Vol. 11(12), pp.2869. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.130 PEARL (OA): https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/9794 Chapter 2 published as: McKeown, D.A., Schroeder J.L., Peters. A.F., Saez, C.A., Park, J., Rothman, M.D., Bolton, J.J., Brown, M.T., and Schroeder, D.C. (2018). Phaeoviral infections are present in Macrocystis, Ecklonia and Undaria (Laminariales) and are influenced by wave exposure in Ectocarpales. Viruses. Vol. 10(8): pp.410. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10080410 PEARL (OA): https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12498 Introduction Chapter published as: McKeown, D.A., Schroeder, D.C. (2019). Virus replication in multicellular photosynthetic life forms. eLS, John Wiley & Sons (Ed.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0026418en_US
dc.description.abstract

The latent dsDNA viruses of the genus Phaeovirus (family Phycodnaviridae, clade Nucleo-cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses; NCLDVs) employ genome integration in their brown algae hosts (class Phaeophyceae). The only phaeoviruses described in detail infected the order Ectocarpales, though Phaeovirus major capsid protein (MCP) occurs in 4 kelp (order Laminariales) species. Phaeoviruses are a major knowledge gap because brown algae are ecologically and economically important and have independently evolved complex multicellularity. This study aimed to investigate kelp Phaeovirus morphology, evolution, host range, distribution, host impacts, and genomics. Microscopy of Laminaria digitata gametophytes revealed particles and cell morphology typical of Phaeovirus infections. This putative Laminaria digitata virus 1 (LdV-1) infection, unlike the Ectocarpales phaeoviruses, often occurred in vegetative cells. L. digitata Phaeovirus symptoms were ~3 times more common in 18 versus 15 oC culture, but overall were uncommon and highly variable. No impact on gametophyte reproduction was observed. Broad-scale MCP PCRs and subsequent phylogeny identified 4 novel kelp phaeoviruses, placing the phaeoviruses of Ecklonia maxima, Ecklonia radiata, and Undaria pinnatifida in subgroup A, a Macrocystis pyrifera Phaeovirus in subgroup C, and a Saccharina japonica Phaeovirus in the novel subgroup D. Kelp phaeoviruses may follow the Ectocarpales Phaeovirus evolutionary trend of genome reduction (in subgroups B, C, and D versus A). Combined with all available data, 26 % of kelp were Phaeovirus MCP-positive. Genomic data from LdV-1 and 3 available kelp genomes contained Phaeovirus orthologs from the following putative, integrated phaeoviruses: LdV-1, Ecklonia radicosa virus (ErcV), Saccharina japonica virus (SjV), and Undaria pinnatifida virus (UpV). Subsequent phylogeny of 9 Phaeovirus core genes showed similar subgroups as before and non-core orthologs had implications for Phaeovirus evolution. For kelp phaeoviruses, this study has revealed a partial infection cycle, preliminary observations of viral symptoms, a broader distribution and host range, and evolutionary insights for both viruses and hosts.

en_US
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniversity of Plymouth
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectPhaeovirusen_US
dc.subjectKelpen_US
dc.subjectLaminarialesen_US
dc.subjectVirusen_US
dc.subjectLatenten_US
dc.subjectMicroscopyen_US
dc.subjectBiogeographyen_US
dc.subjectGenomicsen_US
dc.subjectPhycodnaviridaeen_US
dc.subject.classificationPhDen_US
dc.titlePhaeovirus Infections in Kelpen_US
dc.typeThesis
plymouth.versionpublishableen_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.24382/815
dc.rights.embargodate2020-10-15T14:30:05Z
dc.rights.embargoperiod12 monthsen_US
dc.type.qualificationDoctorateen_US
rioxxterms.funderNot availableen_US
rioxxterms.identifier.projectNot availableen_US
rioxxterms.versionNA


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