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dc.contributor.authorChian, SC
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson, SM
dc.contributor.authorWhittle, JK
dc.contributor.authorMulyani, R
dc.contributor.authorAlarcon, JE
dc.contributor.authorPomonis, A
dc.contributor.authorSaito, K
dc.contributor.authorFraser, S
dc.contributor.authorGoda, K
dc.contributor.authorMacabuag, J
dc.contributor.authorOfford, M
dc.contributor.authorRaby, Alison
dc.contributor.authorSammonds, P
dc.contributor.authorFranco, G
dc.contributor.authorStone, H
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, B
dc.contributor.authorHughes, FE
dc.contributor.authorJirouskova, NK
dc.contributor.authorKaminski, S
dc.contributor.authorLopez, J
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-08T16:00:47Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-18
dc.identifier.issn2297-3362
dc.identifier.issn2297-3362
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14775
dc.description.abstract

This paper presents the observations during the UK Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT)'s post-earthquake reconnaissance missions to the September 20, 2009 Padang (Mw7.6), March 11, 2011 Tōhoku (Mw9.0) and April 16, 2016 Muisne (Mw7.8) earthquakes. The performance of buildings and geotechnical structures within the affected regions were investigated to gain insights on their design and construction deficiencies. Findings on these damages observed are compared along with the characteristics of the earthquake and nature of building codes in these countries. They include building damages attributed to a combination of structural resonance, deficiencies in reinforcement detailing, vulnerability to soft story collapse, ground settlement, soil liquefaction, and landslides. It was demonstrated that buildings which were severely damaged had natural building frequencies coinciding with the dominant frequencies of the ground shaking. The locations of damage of several such buildings showed insufficient confining reinforcements and lapping of stirrup links. Soft story collapses were also observed in the three earthquakes, although many were attributed to old building codes that were less effective. In areas affected by the Muisne earthquake, soft story collapses were mainly found at mid height of the building rather than at the ground floor as observed in the Padang and Tōhoku earthquakes, likely due to extension of building long after the bottom floors were completed. Such extension of building can either lead to local reduction in capacity due to weaker concrete-rebar bonding, possibly insufficient lapping of reinforcement, as well as increased axial loads. In the aspect of geotechnical failure, foundations of buildings found on piles performed reasonably well, except for areas affected by soil liquefaction. Landslides occurred following these earthquakes led to large concentration of casualties and property losses, motivating the EEFIT teams to invest efforts in hazard mapping and ground-truthing exercises using satellite images at Padang and Muisne earthquakes respectively. Such geospatial tools applied in these three earthquakes were reviewed and demonstrated to be capable of identifying landslide sites and producing reliable landslide hazard map.

dc.format.extent73-
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.subject11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
dc.titleLessons Learnt From the 2009 Padang Indonesia, 2011 Tōhoku Japan and 2016 Muisne Ecuador Earthquakes
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.volume5
plymouth.publication-statusPublished online
plymouth.journalFrontiers in Built Environment
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fbuil.2019.00073
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Admin Group - REF
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Admin Group - REF/REF Admin Group - FoSE
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA12 Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Researchers in ResearchFish submission
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-05-20
dc.rights.embargodate2019-8-24
dc.identifier.eissn2297-3362
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.funderEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
rioxxterms.identifier.projectEEFIT Earthquake Mission Grant: Funding for Improved Response and Dissemination
rioxxterms.versionVersion of Record
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.3389/fbuil.2019.00073
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-06-18
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
plymouth.funderEEFIT Earthquake Mission Grant: Funding for Improved Response and Dissemination::Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council


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