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dc.contributor.authorLe Goff, Thierry
dc.contributor.otherSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciencesen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-10T08:35:19Z
dc.date.available2012-08-10T08:35:19Z
dc.date.issued2000
dc.identifierNot availableen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1134
dc.description.abstract

A range of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for the determination of nitrate has been produced based upon rubbery membranes having covalently bound betaine salt sensor molecules. The best performing electrode contained N,N,N-triallyl leucine betaine (6.5 % m/m) covalently bound to polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) (43.5% m/m), with 2-nitrophenyIoctyl ether (2-NPOE) as solvent mediator (40 % m/m) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as free radical initiator (10% m/m). The Nemstian slope was -59.1 mV per decade over a linear range of 1 x 10'^-5 x 10"^ mol dm'^ nitrate, a limit of detection of 0.34 pmol dm'^ nitrate and a selectivity coefiBcient for nitrate against chloride ( ^ ° N 0 3 . , CI-) of 3.4 X IQ"^. The speed of response was less than 1 minute over the linear Nerastian range. The lifetime in the laboratory exceeded 5 months with no potentiometric drift over the linear Nemstian range. Temperafure dependency (0-25°C), pH range (2-12) and a selection of interfering anions (F', CI", B r , T, SCN, CIO4", HCO3", NO2", S04^ phthalate) were studied. A field evaluation by continuous immersion in both agricultural drainage weirs and a river were undertaken. The nitrate results obtained with the ISEs compared very favourably (R^=0.99) with those obtained with a segmented-flow instmment in a concentration range 0.47-16 ppm nitrate-N. The electrodes perfonned continuously for over 5 months in mnoff water from a field and over 2 months in river water. The ISEs did not require recalibration and no deterioration in performance or fouling of the membrane surface was observed. A preliminary investigation of a phosphate ionophore based upon a heterocyclic macrocycle was also undertaken. This work, based on previous literature, resulted in a dibasic phosphate electrode having a linear Nemstian range from 3 x lO"'' to 1 x 10"^ mol dm'^, a slope of -27 mV per activity decade and a Umit of detection of 1 x 10"^ mol dm"^ HP04^".

en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitute of Grassland and Environmental Research, North Wyke, Okehamptonen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Plymouthen_US
dc.titleDEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SENSORS FOR ANIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTen_US
dc.typeThesis
plymouth.versionFull versionen_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.24382/1507
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.24382/1507


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