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dc.contributor.authorRowland, Sen
dc.contributor.authorScarlett, AGen
dc.contributor.authorDogra, Yen
dc.contributor.authorRowe, Den
dc.contributor.authorGalloway, Ten
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-16T13:55:02Z
dc.date.issued2018-08en
dc.identifier.issn0045-6535en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11279
dc.description.abstract

Petroleum acids, often called 'Naphthenic Acids' (NA), enter the environment in complex mixtures from numerous sources. These include from Produced and Process-Affected waters discharged from some oil industry activities, and from the environmental weathering of spilled crude oil hydrocarbons. Here, we test the hypothesis that individual NA within the complex mixtures can induce developmental abnormalities in fish, by screening a range of individual acids, with known chemical structures. Sixteen aromatic NA were tested using a Thamnocephalus platyrus (beavertail fairyshrimp) assay, to establish acute toxicity. Toxicities ranged from 568 to 8 μM, with the methylbiphenyl acid, 4-(p-tolyl)benzoic acid, most toxic. Next, five of the most toxic monoacids and for comparison, a diacid, were assayed using Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos to test for lethality and developmental abnormalities. The toxicities were also predicted using Admet predictor™ software. Exposure to the five monoacids produced deformities in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, exposure to 4-(p-tolyl)benzoic acid produced abnormalities in >90% of the embryos at concentrations of <1 μM; exposure to dehydroabietic acid caused pericardial edema and stunted growth in 100% of the embryos at 6 μM and exposure to pyrene-1-carboxylic acid caused 80% of embryos to be affected at 3 μM. The findings of this preliminary study therefore suggest that some aromatic acids are targets for more detailed mechanistic studies of mode of action. The results should help to focus on those NA which may be important for monitoring in oil industry wastewaters and polluted environmental samples.

dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.titlePredicted and measured acute toxicity and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish embryos produced by exposure to individual aromatic acidsen
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.journalChemosphereen
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.079en
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-04-13en
dc.rights.embargodate2019-04-14en
dc.rights.embargoperiod12 monthsen
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.079en
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserveden
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-08en
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen


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