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dc.contributor.authorWilde, Michael
dc.contributor.authorRowland, Steven
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-01T11:36:44Z
dc.date.available2018-02-01T11:36:44Z
dc.date.issued2018-01
dc.identifier.issn0146-6380
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10710
dc.description.abstract

Concerns over the toxicity associated with ‘naphthenic’ acids (NA) within oil produced waters and oil sands process waters (OSPW), whether justified or not, have increased the need for the structural elucidation of NA. Certainly, oil sands mining operations, such as those in Alberta, Canada, result in the production of large volumes of OSPW contaminated with NA. Monitoring NA, predicting the toxicities and accounting for the toxicity of residual NA after clean-up treatments, have all been hindered by the lack of NA identifications. Recently, a method involving the conversion of the esters of petroleum NA to the corresponding hydrocarbons before analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS), resulted in the most comprehensive study of bicyclic NA from petroleum to date. Here, we present results of the analysis by GC × GC–MS of NA extracted from OSPW after conversion of the acids or ester derivatives to the corresponding hydrocarbons. The identifications presented include novel alicyclic, aromatic and sulfur-containing hydrocarbons and thus, by inference, of the corresponding acids. This supports and significantly extends, previous identifications of OSPW NA as their methyl esters and can now be used to better inform environmental monitoring programs and toxicity studies.

dc.format.extent188-196
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.subjectNaphthenic acids
dc.subjectGC x GC-TOF-MS
dc.subjectOil sands process water
dc.subjectOSPW
dc.titleNaphthenic acids in oil sands process waters: Identification by conversion of the acids or esters to hydrocarbons
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000418885600016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.volume115
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalOrganic Geochemistry
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.09.004
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Research Groups/Marine Institute
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-09-13
dc.rights.embargodate2018-9-21
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.09.004
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-01
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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