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dc.contributor.authorTurner, AD
dc.contributor.authorDhanji-Rapkova, M
dc.contributor.authorRowland-Pilgrim, S
dc.contributor.authorTurner, Lucy
dc.contributor.authorRai, A
dc.contributor.authorVenugopal, MN
dc.contributor.authorKarunasagar, I
dc.contributor.authorGodhe, A
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-14T06:10:17Z
dc.date.available2017-11-14T06:10:17Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-15
dc.identifier.issn0041-0101
dc.identifier.issn1879-3150
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10153
dc.description.abstract

The south west coast of India has been showing a steady increase in shellfish cultivation both for local consumption and fishery export, over recent years. Perna viridis and Crassostrea madrasensis are two species of bivalve molluscs which grow in some selected regions of southern Karnataka, close to the city of Mangalore. In the early 1980s, shellfish consumers in the region were affected by intoxication from Paralytic Shellfish Poison present in local bivalves (clams and oysters) resulting in hospitalisation of many, including one fatality. Since then, there have been no further reports of serious shellfish intoxication and there is little awareness of the risks from natural toxins and no routine monitoring programme in place to protect shellfish consumers. This study presents the findings from the first ever systematic assessment of the presence of marine toxins in mussels and oysters grown in four different shellfish harvesting areas in the region. Shellfish were collected and subjected to analysis for ASP, PSP and lipophilic toxins, as well as a suite of non-EU regulated toxins such as tetrodotoxin and selected cyclic imines. Results revealed the presence of low levels of PSP toxins in oysters throughout the study period. Overall, total toxicities reached a maximum of 10% of the EU regulatory limit of 800 μg STX eq/kg. Toxin profiles were similar to those reported from the 1980 outbreak. No evidence was found for significant levels of ASP and lipophilic toxins, although some cyclic imines were detected, including gymnodimine. The results indicated that the risk to shellfish consumers during this specific study period would have been low. However, with historical evidence for extremely high levels of PSP toxins in molluscs, there is a strong need for routine surveillance of shellfish production areas for marine toxins, in order to mitigate against human health impacts resulting from unexpected harmful algal blooms, with potentially devastating socio-economic consequences.

dc.format.extent147-156
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.subjectShellfish
dc.subjectIndia
dc.subjectLipophilic toxins
dc.subjectParalytic shellfish poisoning
dc.subjectAmnesic shellfish poisoning
dc.subjectLC-FLD
dc.subjectLC-UV
dc.subjectLC-MS/MS
dc.titleAssessing the presence of marine toxins in bivalve molluscs from southwest India
dc.typejournal-article
dc.typeJournal Article
plymouth.author-urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000418219600015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=11bb513d99f797142bcfeffcc58ea008
plymouth.volume140
plymouth.publication-statusPublished
plymouth.journalToxicon
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.001
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Biological and Marine Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/REF 2021 Researchers by UoA/UoA07 Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role
plymouth.organisational-group/Plymouth/Users by role/Academics
dc.publisher.placeEngland
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-11-03
dc.rights.embargodate2018-11-3
dc.identifier.eissn1879-3150
dc.rights.embargoperiodNot known
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.001
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2017-12-15
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review


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