The Plymouth Law & Criminal Justice Review, Volume 05 - 2013
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/8783
2024-03-29T06:33:33ZThe Recognition of State Crime and the Syrian Uprising
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/8984
The Recognition of State Crime and the Syrian Uprising
Smith, Nicholas
This study aims to establish why state crime is not always recognised as such. The criminological analysis of state crime is a fledgling field of interest, although over the past decade there have been significant developments. As a result of these recent developments it is possible to theoretically interact with state crime. Through theoretical engagement, within a real life context, the phenomenon of recognition of state crime is explored. A case study of the recognition of state crime during the first 15 months of the Syrian uprising provides the real life context. An ‘adaptive theory’ approach is adopted promoting the flexible use of theory to examine the underlying reasons as to why some state crime is recognised whilst some is not. Appreciating that recognition of state crime does not occur in a vacuum, the context within which the Syrian uprising occurred was examined. Recognition of state crime during the first 15 months of the Syrian uprising was then subject to investigation through a multi-level structural framework influenced by the state crime literature. Theoretical concepts from the state crime literature are also employed as an analytical tool for understanding the complexities involved in the subject matter. In determining the underlying reasons as to why only some state crime is recognised the study proposes an account of recognition of state crime. Finally, potential areas for further research are highlighted to establish state crime, and the recognition of state crime, as worthy of concentrated inquiry across the social sciences.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZTo What Extent Does Police Occupational Culture Impact on the Social and Domestic Lives of Police Officers
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/8983
To What Extent Does Police Occupational Culture Impact on the Social and Domestic Lives of Police Officers
Coombe, Heather
Since the establishment of the new police service in 1829 there has been much research in to the influence of police-culture on the cognitive and behavioural responses of police officers. This article seeks to take a more expansive view of police occupational culture by discussing the extent to which it has an impact, not only within the occupational environment but furthermore on the social and domestic lives of police officers. This research has reviewed the literature surrounding police culture and the occupational impacts of policing on domestic and social life. By adopting a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews, it analyses the extent to which police culture can be seen to impact on the lives of police officers. It concludes by suggesting that a larger scale study in this area may be beneficial in order to create a more comprehensive view of the extensive impacts of police culture both inside and outside the occupational environment.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZPregnant and in Prison: Can the Quality of Services Provided Affect the Overall Perception of Being Pregnant in Prison?
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/8982
Pregnant and in Prison: Can the Quality of Services Provided Affect the Overall Perception of Being Pregnant in Prison?
Chatten, Peter
The suicides of six women within a year at Styal Prison in 2006 (Prison Reform Trust: 2010) lead the Government to appoint Baroness Jean Corston to undertake a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. The result? The Corston Report, a document with recommendations for a new woman-centred approach in dealing with female offending. Whilst this was a progressive movement, one particular minority of prisoners received little mention – pregnant women. With no official statistics on the number of pregnant women in prison, they become a difficult group to provide services for even though they are arguably one of the most vulnerable. Literature shows that the overall perception of being pregnant in prison is negative while the perception of individual services is generally positive. This research aims to provide up to date information as to whether the quality of services provided can affect the overall perception of being pregnant in prison, looking at one specific (but for publication reasons anonymous) establishment. This forms a basis for further research, something which will only help this vulnerable group and their developing children further.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZWhy is There Lack of Recognition for British Children who are Victim to Internal Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation?
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/8981
Why is There Lack of Recognition for British Children who are Victim to Internal Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation?
Westcott, Anne
Child trafficking has been conceptualised as ‘modern day slavery’. Slavery has been held up as the worst possible exploitation in human history (Lee, 2007). For more than 20 years UK governments have ratified United Nation Conventions and Protocols and rescheduled laws in its effort to eradicate this crime. However, despite such political commitment, in reality thousands of British children are still victims to internal trafficking for sexual exploitation in the UK today. Over the last 10 years the UK government has employed agencies, in the shape of the UK Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC), the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and the Child Exploitation Online Protection Centre (CEOP). Each of these organisations have the specialised framework of identifying trafficked children (and adults), and estimating the scale of the problem. However, in each of the current reports delivered by these agencies, there is little or no statistical data and recognition for British national children (CEOP, 2010; HM Government, 2011; SOCA, 2012). The aim of this study was to try and seek out ‘why there is lack of recognition for British children who are victim to internal trafficking for sexual exploitation?’ By carrying out an analysis of academic, media and journal text and interviewing policing bodies and an NGO, who have direct experience with this subject matter, some quite alarming revelations were revealed. These include the covert nature of the crime; child protection professionals and the police not understanding the definition of ‘human trafficking’ as set out in the Palermo Protocol (2000); police officers not recording incidents of children being internally trafficked; police recording sexual exploitation as sexual abuse; no statutory responsibility of the police to pass information on trafficked children to either the UKHTC or the NRM; and the lack of police resources to deal with the situation. As such, this study presents that the internal trafficking of British children is not only a crime against humanity, but also a crime in which the UK government and its agencies appear to ignore.
2013-01-01T00:00:00Z